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Intro to Genetics

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Genetics Scientific study of heredity
trait specific characteristic of an individual
Hybrid offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Allele one of a number of different forms of a gene
Principle of Dominance Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Gamete sex cell
Homozygous having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous having two different alleles for a particular gene
Phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype Gnetic makeup of an organism
Punnett Square diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
Independent assortment one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Incomplete dominance situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Codominance situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed
Polygenic Trait trait controlled by two or more genes
Pedigree chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations
Sex-linked gene a gene located on a sex chromosome
Karyotype micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size
nondisjunction error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly
Created by: acornman
 

 



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