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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics | scientific study of hereditary |
| trait | scientific characteristic of an individual |
| hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| principle of dominance | Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| gamete | sex cell |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| punnett squre | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| independent assortment | one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| polygenic trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| pedigree | chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations |
| sex-linked gene | a gene located on a sex chromosome |
| karyotype | micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size |
| nondisjunction | error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly |