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History WWI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | |
| He was heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary who was assassinated. This started WWI | |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | |
| Ruler of Germany who declared war on Russia and France | |
| Czar Nicholas II | |
| Ruler of Russia who declared war on Austria-Hungary | |
| Sir Edward Grey | |
| The prime minister of England who said” The lights are out all over Europe, never shall we see them lit again in our lifetime” | |
| David Lloyd George | |
| The prime minister of England at the end of WWI. Part of the Big Four | |
| T.E. Lawrence | |
| Aka “Lawrence of Arabia”. British captain who led daring guerilla raids on Baghdad, Jerusalem, Damascus driving the Central Powers out | |
| Powder Keg | |
| A region that has many different ethnic groups that is ripe for revolution | |
| Black Hand | |
| A secret Serbian terrorist group that was responsible for planning the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand | |
| Emperor Franz Joseph | |
| Emperor of Austria –Hungary who didn’t really like Franz-Ferdinand. Declared war on Serbia. | |
| U boats | |
| submarines | |
| Militarism | |
| Build up of the military | |
| Allied Powers | |
| France, England, Russia, Italy, Japan, United States | |
| Central Powers | |
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans, Bulgaria | |
| Battle of the Marne – 1st | |
| Germany was 15 miles outside of Paris. Allies get secret info and were able to push Germany back 60 miles. Was successful for the allies. So important b/c it made Germany fight on 2 fronts! | |
| Lusitania | |
| Passenger ship that was sunk by a u-boat in May 7, 1915. 1,198 passengers died including 128 Americans | |
| Trench warfare | |
| Digging of trenches to avoid enemy fire. Resulted in no REAL movement on either side! 400 miles of trenches | |
| No man’s land | |
| Land b/w trenches | |
| Western Front | |
| Located b/w France and Germany | |
| Eastern Front | |
| Located b/w Germany and Russia | |
| Propaganda | |
| Persuading people to think a certain way through advertisements, songs, posters, etc | |
| Total war | |
| A nation puts all of its resources into the war effort | |
| Schlieffen Plan | |
| Alfred von Schlieffen came up with this plan to stop Germany from having to fight on 2 fronts. They would conquer Paris by going through Belgium than rush back to the Eastern Front to fight Russia | |
| Gallipoli Campaign | |
| Allies are trying to gain control of the Dardanelles Strait in order to get a supply line to the Russians. NOT SUCCESSFUL. Tried to defeat the Ottomans | |
| Zimmerman Note | |
| A telegram written by Arthur Zimmerman ( German foreign ambassador) to the Mexican president asking them to join the war on the Central Powers behalf. He promised when the Central powers won the war, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico would go back to Mexico | |
| Marshall Foch | |
| Allied commander who led the Second Battle of the Marne and won. He signed the armistice on 11/11/18 | |
| Second Battle of the Marne | |
| Pushed the Germans back. Successful | |
| Battle of Verdun &Battle of the Somme | |
| A battle on the western front where each side only advanced a few miles. Over 1,000,000 casualties | |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | |
| Treaty signed b/w Russia and Germany that took Russia out of the war. They gave up a lot of land to Germany | |
| Reparations | |
| Payment for war damages. Unrealistic payment plan | |
| Armistice | |
| An agreement to stop fighting | |
| Woodrow Wilson | |
| President of the United States. He came up with the idea of the Fourteen Points and self-determination | |
| Fourteen Points | |
| Terms of the Treaty of Versailles | |
| League of Nations | |
| Peace keeping organization formed by the Treaty of Versailles. USA did not join | |
| Treaty of Versailles | |
| The treaty that ended World War I. Created the League of Nations and made Germany pay for the war. June 28,1919 | |
| Questions to think about: | |
| What region of the world was known as the “powder keg” of Europe and why? | |
| Balkans – part of the Ottoman Empire. There were so many different ethnic groups all fighting for independence and self government. One little incident would cause an explosion. | |
| Who were the main competitors for industrial domination in the late 1800s? | |
| Britain and Germany | |
| What was the purpose of the Schlieffen Plan? Was it successful? | |
| To stop Germany from having to fight on 2 fronts. | |
| Not successful | |
| Why was the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne important? | |
| It pushed Germany back 60 miles and stopped them from capturing Paris. | |
| It did start trench warfare. | |
| Caused Germany to have to fight on two fronts. | |
| What were the main results of the battles of Verdun and the Somme? | |
| Huge casualties - 500,000 for each side and neither side gained much land at all. | |
| We are talking only about 5 miles each! | |
| Who was the first nation to declare war in the conflict that would come to be World War I? | |
| Austria Hungary against Serbia | |
| What were the goals of the Gallipoli campaign? Was it successful? | |
| To get a supply line in to Russia | |
| Control the Black Sea region | |
| Conquer the Ottomans | |
| NOT SUCCESSFUL! | |
| What was involved in trench warfare? | |
| Hundreds of miles of trenches were dug along the western front. | |
| They would charge the other trenches by going “Over the Top” into “No Man’s Land”. | |
| CERTAIN DEATH> poison gas, machine guns, etc. | |
| What new weapons were used during WWI? How did these weapons change warfare? | |
| Machine guns, u-boats, poison gas, barbed wire, Zeppelins, tanks, airplanes, flame throwers | |
| What led to a stalemate on the Western Front? | |
| Trench Warfare | |
| What role did women play in the war? | |
| They kept the economies running. | |
| Took over men’s jobs. | |
| Became nurses, teachers, factory workers, soldiers, ran the home | |
| What was Russia’s greatest asset during the war? | |
| Huge population to fight but not enough weapons! | |
| What helped the Allies turn the tides of war? | |
| The entry of the United States in 1917 | |
| Soldiers, weapons, supplies | |
| What was the Zimmerman Note and why was it so important? | |
| The Zimmerman Note was published end of March 1917 | |
| Congress voted to declare war on Germany April 2,1917 | |
| What did Wilson propose in his 14 points? | |
| Fourteen Points – proposed by Wilson | |
| 1. end secret treaties | |
| 2. freedom of the seas | |
| 3. free trade | |
| 4. reduce armies & navies | |
| 5. adjustment of colonial claims | |
| 6-13 – changing borders & creating new nations | |
| self-determination - people decide what govt. want | |
| 14. Create an organization that will peacefully negotiate solutions---League of Nations | |
| When did the U.S. enter the war? | |
| April 2, 1917 – U.S. declared war on Germany | |
| What was unrestricted submarine warfare? | |
| U-boats could attack any ship they wanted to | |
| How did the Allies get the Ottoman’s out of Africa? | |
| T.E. Lawrence – Lawrence of Arabia – British soldier who used Guerilla warfare to drive the Central Powers out. | |
| Recaptured Jerusalem, Damascus, and Baghdad | |
| Which new countries were formed as a result of World War I? | |
| Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Estonia, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg | |
| You should know who made up the Allied Powers and Central Powers? | |
| Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans, Bulgaria | |
| Allied Powers – Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, U.S. | |
| What happened at the Paris Peace Conference? | |
| To reach an agreement to end the war. | |
| Germany and Russia were left out. | |
| The Treaty of Versailles was signed. | |
| What were the long term causes that led to World War I? What was the immediate cause of WWI? Who fought on each side? Why was this war different than any other war? | |
| 1. Competition for markets, materials, industrial dominance, territories, nationalism, militarism, imperialism | |
| 2. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie--Heirs to the Austrian Throne | |
| 3. Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans, Bulgaria | |
| Allied Powers – Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, U.S. | |
| 4. New weapons, unrestricted submarine warfare, | |
| trench warfare, no cavalry charges, many nations | |
| involved, planes, many citizens killed, WOMEN, | |
| massive amount of death, destruction of land, | |
| homes, etc through out Europe , economies were destroyed | |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? How did the Treaty lead to future problems for Europe? What involvement did the U.S. have in the terms for peace? | |
| It had unrealistic goals | |
| reparations had to be paid by Germany in an unrealistic amount of time | |
| Italy, China, and Japan were unhappy with the terms(thought they should get more land from Germany and A-H); | |
| Russia and Germany left out of the negotiations; | |
| U.S. rejected the League of Nations and signed their own treaty | |
| No way to enforce the terms of the Treaty | |
| People were desperate to avoid another war | |
Created by:
corytracy2