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Genetics vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
| Trait | Specific characteristic of an individual |
| Gene | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and that determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Principal of dominance | Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant, and others are recessive |
| Gamete | Sex cell |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | Genetic make up of an organism |
| Punnett Square | Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| Independent assortment | One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| Incomplete dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| Codominance | Situation in which the phenotypes by both alleles are completely expressed |
| Polygenic trait | Tree controlled by two or more genes |
| Pedigree | Chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations |
| Sex-linked gene | A gene located on a sex chromosome |
| Karyotype | Micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size |
| Nondisjunction | Error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes failed to separate properly |