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Environmental Emerge

QuestionAnswer
What organ maintains a constant body temperature/regulates it. Hypothalamus
What is thermogenesis? When the body temperature is too low and the body increases heat production and retention. Shivering, vasoconstriction, decreased sweating and increasing BMR.
What is thermolysis? When the body temperature is too high and the body attempts to release heat energy. Peripheral vasodilation and sweating
What are the different stages of hyperthermia? Heat rash, heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
Treatment for heat cramps? Electrolyte replacement drinks and rest.
Treatment for heat syncope? Fluid replacement and removal from environment
Treatment for heat exhaustion? Remove from hot environment and rebalance fluid/electrolytes
Treatment for heat stroke? Remove from environment and rapidly cool body temperature
What are the different types of heat stroke? What are the differences between them? Class and exertional. Class occurs during heat waves and exertional happens secondary to exercise in hot conditions.
What is the overall management of heat emergencies? Oral rehydration if appropriate Initiate cooling measures as soon as possible Remove heavy clothing Ice packs in axilla, groin, head, feet Air conditioning and fans Transport as appropriate RTC if unstable
What is superficial frostbite? Superficial frostbite is when the top layers of the skin freezes. It appears pale and waxy. It feels firm on the top, but softer on the bottoms layers of the skin.
What is deep frostbite? Deep frostbite is when the freezing of the skin affects all layers. Skin can appear white, yellow, black or mottled and the area is cold and hard to the touch.
How do you manage frostbite? Remove patient from cold environment Bandage injured extremities in sterile dressing Separate fingers and toes Do not rewarm frostbitten areas RTC transport as appropriate
What is hypothermia? What is mild and what is severe hypothermia in regards to body temperature? Decrease in core body temperature due to inadequate thermogenesis or cold environment. Mild is between 32-35 C. Severe is below 32.
Management of hypothermia? Remove patient from cold environment as soon as possible Remove wet clothing Passive rewarming Active rewarming, if appropriate If unconscious, handle with extreme care and do not rewarm If not breathing, ventilate at 8 – 10 breaths/min
Management of drowning? Ensure responder safety Manage airway as necessary Support breathing using a BVM Supplemental oxygen Anticipate vomiting and prevent further aspiration RTC transport Consider treatment for hypothermia
What is the sequences of events involved with drowning? Breath hold Aspiration Laryngospasm Asphyxiation Water inhalation
What are the three types of injuries associated with diving? Barotrauma, nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness.
What is altitude illness? What does it normally affect? Hypoxic illnesses caused by low atmospheric pressure at altitude. (Low levels of O2) It affects those are not properly acclimated to the lower pressure they have ascended to.
Created by: Levelstorm3950
 

 



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