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Body Systems Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| digestive system purpose | break down food we eat so we can make energy out of it |
| why do living organisms need food? | to make energy |
| mouth function | where digestion starts |
| pharynx/epiglottis function | connects nasal and mouth cavities |
| esophagus function | carries food from mouth to stomach (peristalsis) |
| stomach function | break down of food happens here, digests the bolus into chyme, chyme then goes into your small intestines |
| small intestine function | absorbs nutrients from chyme that stomach produces and water. absorption of food and nutrients happens here - 3 parts: Duodenum, Jejunum, and Lleum |
| Duodenum | part of small intestine: connected to stomach, this is where the digestive juices enter |
| jejunum | part of small intestine: sugars, amino acids and fatty acids are absorbed here |
| lleum | part of small intestine: connected to large intestines, vitamin absorption happens here |
| large intestine function | where excess water is absorbed - water and cellulose (fiber) enter in ____ from small intestines, water gets absorbed and the cellulose is left over |
| liver (small intestines) function | makes bile which digests the food we eat |
| gallbladder (small intestines) function | stores bile |
| pancreas (small intestines) function | 1.) produces hormones (insulin) that regulates blood sugar levels. 2.) makes enzymes to break down carbs, proteins, facts, and nucleic acids. 3.) makes sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes stomach acid |
| bolus | after you chew your food, right before swallowing (mouth) |
| peristalsis | an automatic, wave-like series of muscle contractions that occur involuntarily throughout the digestive tract (esophagus) |
| where does digestion begin? | mouth |
| mouth mechanical digestion | chewing |
| mouth chemical digestion | amylase breaks down carbs and sugars (bolus) |
| stomach mechanical digestion | contracts and moves |
| stomach chemical digestion | pepsin breaks down protein |
| where is pepsin enzyme found? | stomach |
| where is amylase enzyme found? | mouth |
| what does pepsin enzyme break down? | proteins |
| what does amylase enzyme break down? | carbs and sugars |
| absorption definition in digestive system | where nutrients from digested food are taken through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream |
| ingestion definition in digestive system | the act of taking food, drink, or medications into body through the mouth |
| elimination definition in digestive system | final step of digestion |
| digestion definition in digestive system | the process of breaking down food into usable nutrients that body absorbs for energy, growth, and repair |
| circulatory/cardiovascular system purpose | bring O2 to body and tissues. removes wastes from body and tissues (CO2) |
| path of blood flow through the heart | vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta |
| heart function | pumps and circulates blood throughout the body |
| artery function | carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. pulmonary ___ is the only ____ to carry oxygen poor blood |
| capillaries function | where oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood is exchanged. where arteries and veins meet |
| arterioles function | connects arteries to capillaries |
| veins function | carries oxygen poor blood from the body back to the heart. pulmonary _____ are the only _____ that carry oxygen rich blood |
| venules function | connects veins to capillaries |
| blood function | carries oxygen to the body and CO2 back to the lungs |
| correct order of blood flow of artery, vein, capillary, arterioles, and venules | leaving and returning to the heart: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins |
| septum purpose | to prevent oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood from mixing |
| systemic circulation | longest part of ______ - taking oxygenated blood to the different parts of the body and returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| purpose of the respiratory system | take in O2 and releases CO2 |
| how does oxygen enter your body using bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, bronchi, and blood | bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and alveoli, blood |
| 3 disease that smoking can cause | chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer |
| what is chronic bronchitis? | bronchi inflamed and clogged by mucus |
| what is emphysema? | loss of elasticity in lungs and the eventual break down on lung tissue |
| what is lung cancer? | over production of lung cells. can spread easily because it is in lungs |
| alveoli function | where gas exchange occurs, O2 and CO2 exchange |
| lungs function | houses the respiratory system |
| trachea function | windpipe, carries O2 to the bronchi and lungs |
| nasal cavities function | brings air from nose to trachea |
| bronchial tubes | bronchi and bronchioles - carry O2 to lungs and alveoli |
| larynx function | voice box - holds your vocal cords |
| diaphragm function | muscle that moves the lungs |
| bronchi function | branch from trachea outside of lungs |
| bronchioles function | branch from bronchi in the lungs |
| what are the two gases involved in the respiratory system? | oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| which way does diaphragm move when you inhale and exhale? | inhale: muscle contracts and moves down to let air in exhale: muscle relaxers and moves up to push out air |
| purpose of urinary/excretory system | to eliminate liquid waste |
| liver function | conversion of potentially dangerous nitrogen wastes into a less toxic area |
| lungs function | blood transports CO2 from body cells to _____ when you exhale. ____ excrete CO2 and water vapor |
| kidneys function | removes excess water, urea, and metabolic wastes from blood, and produces and excretes urine |
| ureters function | transports urine from kidneys to bladder |
| bladder function | where urine is stored |
| urethra function | where urine is released out of body |
| purpose of nervous system | regulate bodily functions and processes and relays information. movement, learning, body temperature, hunger, thirst, balance, reflexes, reactions, heart rate, and breathing. |
| spinal cord function | connects all body parts to brain |
| cerebrum function | largest part of the brain, responsible for voluntary or conscious activities. intelligence, learning, judgement, thinking, and memory |
| cerebellum function | muscle and joint position. sensory input and coordination. balance and posture |
| brain stem function | connects brain and spinal cord. swallowing, heart rate, breathing, life sustaining activities. |
| what are the main 3 components of the circulatory system? | blood, blood vessels, and heart |
| what are the 4 chambers of the heart in correct order of blood flow? | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle |
| how does blood flow through the blood vessels? | artery, capillary, vein |
| list veins, capillaries, and arteries thickest to thinnest | arteries, veins, capillaries |
| what is cholesterol? | a type of fat that is found in the blood |
| what produces cholesterol? | the liver |
| what is LDL? | a type of cholesterol that can form into plaque which will cause problems for the circulatory system such as heart attacks and strokes |
Created by:
karissa.p