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Transport in plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A tissue | group of similar cells carrying out the same function. |
| The three types of plant tissue are: | Dermal tissue:,Vascular tissue:,Ground tissue: |
| XYLEM | dead/hollow vascular tissue that transports water. |
| Lignin | strengthening material found in and around the cell walls of both Xylem vessels and tracheids. |
| Adaptations of xylem for the transport of water: | They are narrow tubes. and they each have pits |
| Stem Function | -Support the aerial parts of the plant.,Transport food made in the leaves to the roots. |
| Leaf function: | To make food by photosynthesis |
| Transpiration | loss of water from a plant by evaporation. |
| why is calcium needed by plants | to make cell walls |
| why is magnesium needed cell walls | help form chlorophyll |
| Transpiration (water loss from leaves) is controlled by: | A waterproof “waxy cuticle” , |
| what are guard cells | cells that surround a stomata that can change shape to open or close.co2 controls size of stomata |
| where does rapid mitosis occur | meristematic tissue |
| whats the function of the root hair cell | absorb water and mineral salts from the soil |
| whats the function of the cortex | stores food and water |
| function of vascular tissue | transport material around the plant |
| ground tissue function | storage for food and water,Location for resp and photosyn |
| 2 main types of cells from xylem tissue | 1.tracheids 2.vessels |
| explain the structure between xylem vessles and xylem tracheids | trachedis are narrower while vessels are wider and shorter cyrndical tubes. |
| what is phloem tissue overall made up of | long continous tubes called sieve tubes made of individual connected cells called sieve tube element |
| process of phloem | food passes from one sieve tube element to the next through little pores in their sieve plate.Each sieve tube has a companion cell atteched to it that controls it. |
| what is the cell wall of each sieve tube made of | cellulose |
| how close are xylem and phloem to eachother | they run parallel to eachother and this bundle is known as the vascular bundle)Xylem always on inside and phloem on the outside. |
| function of roots | absorb water and mineral from soil through root hairs,(stores food), |
| roots in the internal structure of plant | dermal tissue forms epidermis and root hairs,vascular bundle is included,rest of cells make ground tissue except meristem |
| Root cap function of plant | protects root cells as they push thrugh soil |
| meristem function | cells here divide by mitosis to produce new cells for root growth |
| zone of elongation function | newly created cells are stimulated here so they grow longer |
| zone of differentiation function | newly elongated cells start to specialise into different types of tissues. |
| stem function | support aerial part of plant and transport food made in leaves to roots. |
| leaf function | makes food by photosynthesis,allows transpiration |
| give me a leaf adaptation | Lamina, it reduces the distance gases have to travel within leaves |
| whats a lenticel | an opening in the stem of a plant that allows gas exchange |
| what happens in the stomata | allows for gas exchange in the leaf they have guard cells to open or close |
| what are the substances involved in leaf metabolism | carbon dioxide,oxygen and water |
| adaptations of leaf for photosynthesis | leaves have large blades to absorb as much light as possible,they have large amount of stomata so maximise gas exchange |
| autotrophic | plants make their own food by photosynthesis |
| adaptations of root hairs for absorption | thin walls,not covered by a waxy cuticle |
| whats osmosis | the movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi permeable membrane |
| -----what does dermal tissue do | protects the plant e.g epidermis |
| what happens in the ground tissue | where chemical reactions occur e.g photosynthesis and respiration |
| what is the upward movement of water in a plant caused by | transpiration,in a flow of water called the transpiration stream |
| how are minerals absorbed through soil with root hairs | 1)diffusion 2)Active transport uses energy in form of ATP to absorb material from low conc to high conc |
| active transport | needs energy to move from a area of low concentration to high concentration |
| whats a source of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis | can be produced in the leaf cells by respiration which can be used in photosynthesis |
| in daylight which is higher resp or photosyn | photosynthesis as light can power photosynthesis |
| in night which is higher photosyn or respiration | respiration is higher as no light for photosynthesis.Plants take in oxygen for respiration |
| what happens to the products of photosynthesis | Oxygen 1)can be used in leaf cells in repiration 2)glucose:converted to sucrose and support in the phloem by giving energy to plant |
| where is stomata found | lower side of leaf,as its cooler and less direct sunlight |
| when do the guard cells change shape using water | 1)when they are full (turgid) they swell to open stomata 2.flacid) they shrink to close the stoma |
| cohesion meaning | similar molecules sticking together,water has high cohesion |
| adhesion meaning | different molecules sticking together (water and xylem have a lower adhesion) |
| what does tension cause xylem to do | to narrowduring transpiration,when transpiration stops,xylem cells return to their normal wider shape |
| is co2 concentraion control gas exchange | yes |
| high concentration of co2 in plants at night? | less co2 being used in photosynthsis means greater conc of co2,casuing stomata to close |
| low concentration of co2 in plants by day | photosynthesis occurs so more co2 being used up |
| where does photosynthesis occur | chloroplast,in mesophyll cells of leaves |
| thylakoids | light stage of photosynthesis |
| stroma | dark stage of phootsynthesis location |
| explain the light stage of photosynthesis | chlorophyll absorbs photon of light,all the energy is transferred to the reaction centre chlorophyll.Electron become energised and they move into 1 of 2 pathwaysh |
| what are the products of the light stage | oxygen,ATP, and NADPH |
| what type of process is photosynthesis | its an anabolic process as light energy is used to convert smaller molecules into bigger molecules |
| give few features of the xylem which supports its upward movement of water | thick wallls,lignin,pits |
| 2 ways plants control transpiration | 1) waxy cuticle and 2)action of stomata |
| give 2 structual differences between xylem and phloem | Xylem has pits and phloem dosent 2) Phloem has sieve plates and xylem dosent 3)xylem has lignin and phloem dosent |
| in which zone is water absorbed in longtudinal section | zone of differentiation |
| which vascular tissue transports the products of photosynthesis | phloem |
| advantage of having stomata on the underside of leaf | reduces water loss by transpiration |
| whats wilting | when plant loses too much water |
| whats turgor | pressure of cell contents against the wall |
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