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Circulatory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| whats an open circulatory system | means that blood leaves blood vessels |
| whats a closed circulatory system | means that blood is always in blood vessels (veins, arteries, cappilaries) Moves blood around the body faster |
| Advantages of a Closed Circulation System | 1.Blood can be pumped faster:nutrients delivered faster 2.Blood flow rate to different organs can be changed |
| Arterioles | Arterioles connect arteries and capillaries |
| Venules | venules connect capillaries to the veins |
| Inelastic protein (collagen role | prevents the walls from overexpansion. |
| Muscle and elastic fibres: | the muscle is involuntary and can alter the size of the vessel. |
| Endothelium: | surrounds the lumen |
| why do Blood vessels alter in size duirng exercise | During exercise, the arteries leading to muscles expand and allow more blood to flow into the muscles. |
| Veins description | Pressure of blood in veins much lower than arteries. 2) Veins also contain Valves to prevent backflow of low pressure blood |
| what is heart made of | cardiac muscle |
| heart surrounded by a special membrane sac | pericardium |
| heart location | thoracic cavity |
| Semi Lunar valves | -prevent backflow from arteries back into the heart |
| Bicuspid Valve | -Prevents backflow into left atrium |
| Tricuspid valve | -Prevents backflow into right atrium |
| -Portal system | a blood pathway that prevents that begins and ends in cappillaries |
| SA Node) | right atrium wall 1) emits an electrical signal 2. This causes the atria to contract |
| AV node | found in the septum 2)sends a signal to the ventricles Causing the ventricles to contract |
| Contraction of heart muscle is called | SYSTOLE |
| Relaxation of heart muscle is called | diastole |
| The stages of heartbeat are: | Diastole: blood enters the atria Atrial systole: blood is pumped to the ventricles Ventricular systole: blood is pumped out of the heart. |
| is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels (mainly the arteries). | Blood pressure |
| high BP cause | High blood pressure is most often caused by blockages in arterioles and small arteries. |
| Composition of blood | Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets |
| Plasma | Makes up about 55% of the blood. |
| The main plasma proteins are: | Antibodies:,Clotting proteins:,(Serum |
| Red blood cells Function | is able to join and carry oxygen to form Oxyhaemoglobin (bright red colour). |
| Shape of red blood cells | Red blood cells are a biconcave shape. 2)Biconcave shape gives them a larger surface area over which they can exchange oxygen. |
| RBC production | Produced in the bone marrow,Only live for about four months |
| Bile is made of | Dead red blood cells are broken down by the liver and spleen to produce bile. |
| Name three substances dissolved in plasma | mineralsvitamins, gluxose |
| Features of white blood cells: | Larger than red blood cells Have no definite shape |
| Types of WBC’s: | Phagocytes: engulf and digest bacteria. Lymphocytes: produce antibodies that detect antigens to destroy ‘foreign bodies’ such as bacteria and viruses. |
| Condition effecting WBC’s: | Leukemia: form of cancer where WBC's are produced too quickly and immature. |
| Platelets function | to clot blood |
| Conditions relating to clotting | Haemophiliacs are unable to form blood clots and may suffer from excessive bleeding. |
| (O– blood can be given to anyone -universal donor). | true |
Created by:
jeromepomy