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horse

QuestionAnswer
What is the Kingdom of horse? Animalia
What is the Phylum of horse? Chordata
What is the Class of horse? Mammalia
What is the Order of horse? Perissodactyla
What is the Family of horse? Equidae
What is the Genus of horse? Equus
What is the Species of horse? caballus
Who published descriptions of newly discovered horse fossils from North America in the 1870s? Professor Othniel Charles Marsh
Who studied Marsh’s horse fossil collection in 1876? Professor Thomas Henry Huxley
What was Eohippus later called? Hyracotherium
What does Eohippus mean? Dawn horse
About how many horses are there globally? Around 60.8 million horses.
How many horses and ponies are in the United States according to the presentation? 2.41 million horses and ponies.
How many farms in the U.S. have horses and ponies? Over 63,000 farms.
How many equines are in the European Union? About 7 million equines.
How many jobs are supported by the EU equine industry? About 800,000 jobs.
In what industries do EU equines support jobs? Breeding, sport, and tourism.
How many horses are in Mongolia? 3.4 million horses.
What is Mongolia’s human population compared to horses in the presentation? 3.4 million horses for 3.3 million people.
How long did horse evolution last? About 50 million years.
Horse evolution lasted from what period to what period? From Eocene to Pliocene.
When did the origin of equine begin? During the Eocene.
When did the Eocene begin according to the presentation? Around 56 million years ago.
What was the earliest horse ancestor mentioned? Hyracotherium / Eohippus
What is Hyracotherium also called? Eohippus or dawn horse.
What is the final modern genus in the horse evolution line? Equus
Memorize the horse evolution path. Eohippus/Hyracotherium → Mesohippus → Miohippus → Parahippus → Merychippus → Pliohippus → Dinohippus → Equus
Which period is associated with Parahippus? Early Miocene
What is the time range of the Miocene according to the presentation? About 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago.
What is Eohippus also known as? Hyracotherium
During what epoch did Eohippus appear? Eocene
What type of animal was Eohippus? One of the earliest perissodactyls.
What are perissodactyls? Hoofed mammals with odd number of toes.
How many functional hooves did Eohippus have on each forefoot? Four functional hooves.
How many functional hooves did Eohippus have on each hind foot? Three functional hooves.
What kind of feet did Eohippus have? Padded feet.
What does Mesohippus mean? Middle horse
When did Mesohippus appear? About 38 million years ago.
What ancestor evolved from one lineage of Mesohippus? Miohippus
Did Mesohippus and Miohippus coexist? Yes, they coexisted on the continent.
What landscape did Mesohippus and Miohippus adapt to? The changing landscape of North America.
Compared to Eohippus, what did Mesohippus and Miohippus have? More molars than Eohippus.
From what horse ancestor did Miohippus evolve? From one lineage of Mesohippus.
Did Miohippus exist at the same time as Mesohippus? Yes.
Where did Mesohippus and Miohippus coexist? On the continent, adapting to North America’s changing landscape.
What dental feature did Miohippus and Mesohippus have compared to Eohippus? They had more molars than Eohippus.
During what epoch did Parahippus appear? Early Miocene
What major adaptation did Parahippus have? Teeth adapted to eating grasses.
What feeding change started becoming important with Parahippus? Adaptation toward grazing.
What food was Parahippus adapted to eat? Grasses.
What major dental change was completed in Merychippus? Change from browsing to grazing dentition.
What type of food was Merychippus adapted to chew? Abrasive food.
How tall was Merychippus? About 1 meter or 38.4 inches high.
What was special about Merychippus legs? They were adapted for swift running on hard ground.
What did Merychippus give rise to during the late Miocene? Numerous evolutionary lines.
Name three evolutionary lines from Merychippus. Hipparion, Neohipparion, and Nannippus.
What environmental condition helped make Merychippus adaptations useful? Widespread grasslands and hard ground.
Which horse first showed a rudimentary form of the character related to the stay apparatus? Dinohippus
What genus has a distinctive passive stay apparatus? Equus
What forms the passive stay apparatus of Equus? Bones and tendons.
What feature connects Dinohippus to Equus? Dinohippus showed a rudimentary form of the character later seen in Equus.
What is the final stage in the presentation’s horse evolution path? Equus
What happened to horse teeth during evolution? Teeth became bigger and adapted for grazing grasses.
Which ancestor had bigger teeth and larger brain? Mesohippus
Which ancestor had teeth adapted to grasses? Parahippus
Which ancestor completed the change from browsing to grazing dentition? Merychippus
What feeding change happened in horse evolution? From browsing high-growing plants to grazing grasses.
What environmental change influenced horse evolution? Dense forests declined and grasslands became widespread.
What happened to horse legs during evolution? They became adapted for swift running on hard ground.
What happened to the brain in Mesohippus? It became larger.
What happened to the feet/hooves from early horses toward modern horses? Early horses had multiple functional hooves; modern horses developed toward Equus characteristics.
What adaptation helped Merychippus chew abrasive food? Grazing dentition.
How many groups of undomesticated species are listed? Three groups.
What are the three undomesticated species groups? Zebra, African Wild Ass, and Przewalski’s horse.
Which undomesticated species is also called Taki? Przewalski’s horse.
Which undomesticated species is also called Mongolian Wild Horse? Przewalski’s horse.
Which undomesticated species is also called Asiatic Wild Horse? Przewalski’s horse.
Which undomesticated species is also called Mongolian Tarpan? Przewalski’s horse.
What is the scientific name of Przewalski’s horse? Equus ferus przewalskii
What are the other names of Przewalski’s horse? Asiatic Wild Horse, Mongolian Wild Horse, Mongolian Tarpan, Taki.
Who was Przewalski’s horse named after? Russian explorer Colonel Przewalski.
When was Przewalski’s horse originally believed to be discovered? 1881.
What makes Przewalski’s horse special? It is the only known surviving wild horse never tamed for riding.
How many pairs of chromosomes does Przewalski’s horse have? 33 pairs.
How many pairs of chromosomes does today’s horse have? 32 pairs.
What happened to Przewalski’s horse in the wild? It became extinct in the wild.
How was Przewalski’s horse reintroduced to the wild? Through captive breeding.
Is Przewalski’s horse a domesticated riding horse? No, it was never tamed for riding.
During what age were horses plentiful? Stone Age.
During what age did horses become domesticated? Bronze Age.
Around what year did horses become domesticated? About 2000 BC.
The domesticated horses of Babylonia and Egypt became the foundation of what breeds? Arabian breeds.
Who brought the first domestic horses into the Americas? Spanish conquistadores.
When were the first domestic horses introduced into the Americas? 16th century.
What breed was developed from foundation sires bred to English mares? Thoroughbred.
Name the three foundation sires of the Thoroughbred. Byerly Turk, Darley Arabian, and Godolphin Barb.
The Thoroughbred foundation sires were bred to what mares? English mares.
When did stud books begin? Late 1700s.
Created by: user-1909129
 

 



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