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Chapter 14 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Affirmative action | Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women or jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities |
| Authority | Institutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits |
| Charismatic authority | Max Weber's term for power made legitimate by a leaders, exceptional personal or emotional appeal for his or her followers |
| Color- blind racism | The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo |
| Communism | As an ideal type, an economic system under which all property is communally owned an no social distinctions are made on the basis of peoples ability to produce |
| Deindustrialization | The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants |
| Democracy | In a literal sense, government by the people |
| Dictatorship | A government in which one person has nearly total power to make and enforce laws |
| Downsizing | Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of industrialization |
| Economic system | The social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed |
| Elite model | A view of society as being ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests |
| Force | The actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others |
| Industrial society | A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services |
| Influence | The exercise of power through a process of persuasion |
| Influencer | A social media user who has established credibility in a specific industry, such as fashion, electronics, or toys |
| Informal economy | Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government |
| Monarchy | A form of government headed by a single member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler |
| Monopoly | Control of a market by a single business firm |
| Obedience | Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure |
| Offshoring | The transfer of work to foreign contractors |
| Oligarchy | A form of government in which a few individuals rule |
| Peace | The abstinence of war, or more broadly, a proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations |
| Pluralist model | A view of society in which many competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant |
| Political system | The social institution that is founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society's goals |
| Politics | In Harold Lasswell's words, "who gets what, when, and how." |
| Power | The ability to exercise one's will over others |
| Power elite | A term used by C. Wright Mills to refer to a small group of military, industrial, and government leaders who control the fate of the United States |
| Precarious work | Employment that is poorly paid, and from the worker's perspective, insecure and unprotected |
| Rational-legal authority | Power made legitimate by law |
| Representative democracy | A form of government in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people |
| Socialism | An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owed |
| Totalitarianism | Virtually complete government control and surveillance over all aspects of a society's social and political life |
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kjdavis9905