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Motion and forces
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happens to an object’s speed when a force acts in the exact same direction as its motion? | It moves faster. |
| A speedboat is cruising across a lake. Suddenly, a powerful gust of wind blows from behind the boat, pushing it forward. What will happen to the speedboat's motion? | The boat will speed up because the wind force matches its current direction. |
| What is the effect on an object when a force moves in the opposite direction of its motion? | The object will slow down. |
| A hockey puck is sliding smoothly across the ice. It leaves the smooth ice and starts sliding across a rough patch of thick snow. Why does the puck lose speed? | The snow applies an opposing force that pushes against the puck's motion. |
| To slow down or stop a roller coaster going downhill, what must be true about the opposing forces? | They must be greater than or equal to the force needed to move the roller coaster downhill. |
| Engineers are designing a new roller coaster braking system. To safely stop a coaster cart as it speeds down a steep hill, what must the brakes do? | They must apply an opposing force that is greater than or equal to the downhill force. |
| What causes an object to remain stationary or completely still? | Equal forces pushing it on either side. |
| Two students are playing tug-of-war with a rope. Neither student is moving, and the red flag in the middle of the rope is perfectly still. What can you infer about the students' pulls? | Both students are pulling with equal force on either side of the rope. |
| What is the net force of an object when equal forces push on it from opposite sides? | zero |
| A heavy box sits on the floor. Sarah pushes the box to the right with 50 Newtons of force, while David pushes the box to the left with 50 Newtons of force. What is the total net force on the box? | 0 newtons |
| When an object is at rest and a force is applied to it (such as kicking it), which direction will the object move? | In the same direction as the applied force (the kick). |
| A bowling ball is sitting still at the start of the lane. You push the bowling ball straight toward the pins on the North side of the room. What will happen? | The ball will roll North toward the pins because that is the exact direction of the push. |
| What kind of net forces are responsible for causing a still object to start moving? | Answer: Net forces that do not add up to zero. |
| You notice a skateboard suddenly start rolling down the sidewalk. What can you infer about the net force acting on the skateboard at that moment? | The net force acting on it does not add up to zero. |
| What will unbalanced forces cause an object to do? | Have a change in direction or speed. |
| A baseball is flying straight through the air at 40 miles per hour. A batter hits the ball with a bat, applying an unbalanced force. What is the likely result? | The ball will change its speed, its direction, or both. |
| What type of forces are responsible for changing an object's motion? | Unbalanced forces. |
| A bicycle is moving at a steady pace, then suddenly veers to the left and speeds up. What can you infer caused this shift? | An unbalanced force acted on the bicycle to change its motion. |
| Which properties cause an object to deliver a greater force when hitting another object? | Greater mass and greater speed. |
| A massive dump truck driving at 50 mph hits a trash can. Later, a small bicycle traveling at 5 mph hits the same trash can. Why does the dump truck cause much more damage? | The dump truck hits with a much greater force because it has both greater mass and greater speed. |
| What type of force is gravity? | A force that pulls on objects. |
| If you let go of an apple held high in the air, it drops toward the grass. What force is responsible for this? | Answer: Gravity is pulling the apple downward. |
| When is gravity pulling on an object? | Always, whether or not the objects are moving. |
| A laptop sits completely still on a kitchen counter. What can you infer about gravity's effect on the laptop? | Gravity is still actively pulling down on the laptop even though it is not moving. |
| What three actions will cause objects to change their direction and/or speed? | Pushing, pulling, or colliding. |
| During a game of marbles, Marble A rolls across the mat and smashes directly into Marble B. What will happen to the marbles? | hey will change their direction and/or speed because they collided. |
| Fill in the blank: Potential energy is defined as the energy of position or ________ energy. | Stored |
| What is kinetic energy? | Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. |
| Explain why pulling back a rubber band is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy. | It is potential energy because the energy is being stored up in that pulled position. The rubber band is not flying through the air yet, so it is not in motion. |
| What specific type of energy does a water bottle have when it is resting on top of a table? | Potential energy |
| Fill in the blank: Kinetic energy is defined as the energy of ________. | Motion |
| A soccer ball is kicked and goes flying across a field. What type of energy does the moving ball have? | Kinetic energy. |
| Imagine you have a water bottle resting on a table. You accidentally bump it, and it falls off the edge. Infer what happens to the energy as the bottle changes from resting on the table to falling through the air. | The stored potential energy from its position on the table transforms into kinetic energy as it goes into motion and falls. |
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