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QuestionAnswer
What did Marbury v. Madison establish? Judicial review: courts can rule laws/actions unconstitutional.
What is judicial review? The power of courts to decide if laws/actions violate the Constitution.
What did McCulloch v. Maryland confirm? Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause.
What are implied powers? Powers not directly listed but needed to carry out listed powers.
What clause was central in McCulloch v. Maryland? Necessary and Proper Clause.
What did Gibbons v. Ogden expand? Federal power over interstate commerce.
What is interstate commerce? Trade or business activity crossing state lines.
What did Brown v. Board of Education rule? Racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.
What did Brown v. Board overturn? The “separate but equal” doctrine from Plessy.
What did Plessy v. Ferguson uphold? “Separate but equal” racial segregation.
What phrase is linked to Plessy v. Ferguson? “Separate but equal.”
What did Miranda v. Arizona require? Police must inform suspects of rights before custodial questioning.
What are Miranda rights? Rights to remain silent and have an attorney during questioning.
What did Gideon v. Wainwright require? States must provide attorneys to defendants who cannot afford one.
Which case protects the right to counsel? Gideon v. Wainwright.
What did Mapp v. Ohio apply to states? The exclusionary rule.
What is the exclusionary rule? Illegally obtained evidence usually cannot be used in court.
What did Tinker v. Des Moines protect? Student symbolic speech if it does not disrupt school.
What was the speech in Tinker? Students wearing black armbands as symbolic speech.
What did Engel v. Vitale rule? School-sponsored prayer in public schools is unconstitutional.
What clause was central in Engel v. Vitale? Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment.
What does the Establishment Clause prevent? Government from establishing or promoting religion.
What did Schenck v. United States limit? Speech creating a clear and present danger.
What phrase is linked to Schenck v. United States? “Clear and present danger.”
What did United States v. Nixon rule? Executive privilege is limited; Nixon had to turn over tapes.
What is executive privilege? The president’s claimed power to keep certain communications private.
What did Dred Scott v. Sandford rule? Enslaved people and descendants were not citizens.
Why is Dred Scott important? It worsened sectional conflict before the Civil War.
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? Declared enslaved people in rebelling Confederate states free.
Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation? President Abraham Lincoln.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban? Discrimination in public accommodations and employment.
What groups are protected by the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 target? Barriers to voting, such as literacy tests.
Why was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 important? It protected voting rights, especially for Black citizens.
What did McDonald v. Chicago do? Applied the 2nd Amendment to the states.
What amendment was central in McDonald v. Chicago? 2nd Amendment, applied through the 14th Amendment.
What did New Jersey v. T.L.O. rule? School searches are allowed if reasonable under the circumstances.
What standard did T.L.O. use for school searches? Reasonableness, not the full police warrant standard.
What did the Social Security Act create? Old-age benefits and unemployment insurance programs.
What did Bush v. Gore stop? The Florida recount in the 2000 presidential election.
Which case involved the 2000 Florida recount? Bush v. Gore.
Which case involved presidential tapes? United States v. Nixon.
Which case involved student armbands? Tinker v. Des Moines.
Which case involved school prayer? Engel v. Vitale.
Which case involved police questioning rights? Miranda v. Arizona.
Which case involved free lawyers for defendants? Gideon v. Wainwright.
Which case involved illegal evidence? Mapp v. Ohio.
Which case involved interstate commerce? Gibbons v. Ogden.
Which case involved implied powers? McCulloch v. Maryland.
Which case involved judicial review? Marbury v. Madison.
Created by: KeraTheDerg
 

 



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