Question 1

1.  John Marshall

Accepted Answer

He was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving for over three decades and significantly shaping American law, particularly regarding the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Question 2

2.  Election of 1824\*

Accepted Answer

This election was highly contested and saw four major candidates from the Democratic-Republican Party run for president. No candidate won a majority of the electoral votes, and the House of Representatives ultimately decided the election, choosing John Qu

Question 3

3.  Era of Good Feelings

Accepted Answer

A period in U.S. history, roughly from 1815 to 1825, characterized by a strong sense of national pride and unity following the War of 1812. However, underlying political divisions and economic issues were present.

Question 4

4.  Transcendentalists

Accepted Answer

A philosophical and literary movement that emphasized intuition, emotion, and the individual's connection with nature and the divine. Key figures included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

Question 5

5.  Cotton Gin

Accepted Answer

An invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that dramatically increased the speed at which cotton seeds could be separated from cotton fiber, making cotton production much more profitable and unfortunately reinforcing the reliance on enslaved labor.

Question 6

6.  Election of 1824

Accepted Answer

(See explanation for #2)

Question 7

7.  Adams-Onís Treaty

Accepted Answer

Also known as the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, this treaty between the United States and Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and established a boundary line between U.S. and Spanish territory in the West.

Question 8

8.  Commonwealth v. Hunt

Accepted Answer

A landmark Massachusetts Supreme Court case from 1842 that ruled labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, as long as their methods were honorable and lawful.

Question 9

9.  Missouri Compromise\*

Accepted Answer

A legislative agreement in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while also prohibiting slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory.

Question 10

10. Nullification\*

Accepted Answer

The concept that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, federal laws that it deems unconstitutional. This idea was notably promoted by John C. Calhoun.

Question 11

11. Battle of New Orleans

Accepted Answer

A major battle during the War of 1812, fought in January 1815, where American forces led by Andrew Jackson defeated the British. It was a decisive American victory that boosted national morale, though it occurred after the peace treaty had been signed.

Question 12

12. Monroe Doctrine

Accepted Answer

A U.S. foreign policy statement issued in 1823 by President James Monroe, which declared that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 13

13. Samuel F.B. Morse

Accepted Answer

An American inventor and painter best known for inventing the telegraph and developing Morse code.

Question 14

14. Eli Whitney & Cotton

Accepted Answer

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized cotton production and had significant economic and social consequences, including the expansion of slavery.

Question 15

15. Missouri Compromise\*

Accepted Answer

(See explanation for #9)

Question 16

16. Marbury v. Madison

Accepted Answer

A landmark 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, meaning the Supreme Court has the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Question 17

17. Election of 1824\*

Accepted Answer

(See explanation for #2)

Question 18

18. Radical Abolitionist Beliefs

Accepted Answer

These beliefs advocated for the immediate and uncompensated emancipation of all enslaved people, often employing strong moral arguments and sometimes advocating for direct action.

Question 19

19. Spoils System and A. Jackson

Accepted Answer

The spoils system was a practice where the winning political party rewarded its supporters with government jobs. Andrew Jackson was a strong proponent and implementer of this system during his presidency.

Question 20

20. 2nd BUS

Accepted Answer

Refers to the Second Bank of the United States, a central bank chartered by Congress from 1816 to 1836. President Andrew Jackson famously opposed and ultimately vetoed the re-chartering of the bank, leading to its demise.

Question 21

21. Tariff of 1828

Accepted Answer

Also known as the Tariff of Abominations, this protective tariff significantly raised taxes on imported goods, sparking fierce opposition, particularly in the South, and contributing to the nullification crisis.

Question 22

22. Worcester v. Georgia

Accepted Answer

A 1832 Supreme Court case where the Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a distinct community with its own laws and that Georgia had no right to extend its laws over them. President Andrew Jackson famously ignored the ruling.

Question 23

23. Trail of Tears

Accepted Answer

The forced removal of the Cherokee Nation from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to territory west of the Mississippi River, beginning in the 1830s. Thousands died during this brutal journey.

Question 24

24. Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Accepted Answer

Signed in 1842 between the United States and Great Britain, this treaty resolved boundary disputes between the two countries in Maine and Minnesota and also addressed issues related to the slave trade.

Question 25

25. Irish Immigration

Accepted Answer

A significant wave of Irish people migrating to the United States, particularly in the mid-19th century, largely due to the Great Famine. They often faced discrimination but contributed greatly to American labor and culture.

Question 26

26.  Temperance Movement - "Take the Pledge"

Accepted Answer

The Temperance Movement was a social reform effort advocating for the moderation or total abstinence from alcohol consumption. "Taking the pledge" referred to a formal commitment to abstain from drinking.

Question 27

27.  Mormons and Joseph Smith

Accepted Answer

Joseph Smith was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. The Mormons, followers of Smith, faced persecution and eventually migrated westward to establish their communities.

Question 28

28.  Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Accepted Answer

A leading figure in the early women's rights movement, she was a primary author of the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 and a tireless advocate for suffrage and social reform.

Question 29

29.  Frederick Douglass

Accepted Answer

An escaped slave who became a prominent abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. He was a powerful voice against slavery and for civil rights.

Question 30

30.  Panic of 1837

Accepted Answer

A severe economic depression in the United States that began in 1837, triggered by a combination of factors including land speculation, the specie circular, and a financial crisis in Great Britain.

Question 31

31.  2nd Great Awakening

Accepted Answer

A series of religious revivals that swept through the United States during the early to mid-19th century. It led to significant growth in various Protestant denominations and spurred social reforms.

Question 32

32.  Caucus System

Accepted Answer

A meeting of political party members to choose a candidate for an election. It was a method used in the early republic for nominating candidates.

Question 33

33.  National Nominating System

Accepted Answer

Refers to the development of more formalized methods for nominating candidates, moving away from the caucus system towards conventions.

Question 34

34.  Nat Turner

Accepted Answer

An enslaved man who led a violent slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1831. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of many white people and led to harsher slave codes.

Question 35

35.  The Mexican Cession

Accepted Answer

The territory ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1848 following the Mexican-American War. This included present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.

Question 36

36.  Nativism

Accepted Answer

A policy or belief that favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants. In the 19th century, it often targeted Irish and German immigrants.

Question 37

37.  Nullification\*

Accepted Answer

(See explanation for #10)

Question 38

38.  Manifest Destiny

Accepted Answer

The 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the North American continent.

Question 39

39.  Mountain Men

Accepted Answer

American trappers and adventurers who explored and lived in the Rocky Mountains during the early to mid-19th century, often involved in the fur trade.

Question 40

40.  Annexation of Texas

Accepted Answer

The U.S. annexed Texas in 1845, adding it as the 28th state. This act was a significant factor leading to the Mexican-American War.

Question 41

41.  "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight"

Accepted Answer

A slogan used in the 1840s during the dispute between the U.S. and Great Britain over the Oregon Territory. It referred to the desired northern boundary of U.S. control at 54°40′ latitude.

Question 42

42.  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Accepted Answer

This treaty, signed in 1848, ended the Mexican-American War. Mexico ceded a vast territory to the U.S. (the Mexican Cession) in exchange for $15 million and assumption of claims.

Question 43

43.  Countries That Claimed Oregon

Accepted Answer

Before the Oregon Treaty of 1846, the Oregon Territory was jointly claimed by the United States and Great Britain. Spain and Russia also had claims in the region at earlier points.

Question 44

44.  Mormon Settlements

Accepted Answer

Refers to the establishment of communities by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, notably in places like Nauvoo, Illinois, and later in the Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah.

Question 45

45.  Election of 1844

Accepted Answer

This election saw James K. Polk, a Democrat, defeat Henry Clay, a Whig. Polk's victory was largely attributed to his strong stance on westward expansion and the annexation of Texas.

Question 46

46.  List the Major Western Trails

Accepted Answer

Key western trails included the Oregon Trail, California Trail, Mormon Trail, and Santa Fe Trail, which facilitated migration and trade westward.

Question 47

47.  The Alamo

Accepted Answer

A former Spanish mission in San Antonio, Texas, that became the site of a pivotal battle during the Texas Revolution in 1836. A small group of Texian defenders held out against a much larger Mexican army for 13 days.

Question 48

48.  John O'Sullivan

Accepted Answer

An American journalist and politician who is credited with coining the term "Manifest Destiny."

Question 49

49.  Polk and Western Slavy

Accepted Answer

This likely refers to the issue of slavery in the territories acquired by the United States during the presidency of James K. Polk, particularly in the Mexican Cession, which led to increased sectional tensions.

Question 50

50.  Lewis Cass

Accepted Answer

A Democratic presidential candidate in 1848 and a proponent of "popular sovereignty" as a solution to the issue of slavery in the territories.

Question 51

51.  Conscience Whigs

Accepted Answer

A faction of the Whig Party in Massachusetts who opposed slavery and the Mexican-American War, believing it was being fought to expand slavery.

Question 52

52.  California Gold Rush (1849)

Accepted Answer

The discovery of gold in California in 1848 led to a massive migration of people to the region in 1849, drastically increasing its population and leading to its admission as a state.

Question 53

53.  Wilmot Proviso

Accepted Answer

A proposal in 1846 to prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War. It ultimately failed to pass but fueled sectional tensions.

Question 54

54.  Free-Soil Party Beliefs

Accepted Answer

The Free-Soil Party was an anti-slavery political party formed in 1848. Its main belief was to prevent the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

Question 55

55.  Compromise of 1850

Accepted Answer

A package of five separate bills passed in September 1850 that defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. Key provisions included admitting California as a free

Question 56

56.  Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Accepted Answer

Part of the Compromise of 1850, this law required citizens to assist in the capture and return of escaped enslaved people, and denied captured individuals the right to a jury trial. It was highly controversial and further inflamed tensions.

Question 57

57.  Uncle Tom's Cabin

Accepted Answer

An influential anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852. It depicted the harsh realities of slavery and significantly influenced public opinion in the North.

Question 58

58.  Kansas-Nebraska Act

Accepted Answer

Passed in 1854, this act repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed residents of Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide whether to permit slavery through popular sovereignty. It led to violence and "Bleeding Kansas."

Question 59

59.  Stephen Douglas

Accepted Answer

A prominent Democratic senator from Illinois, known for his role in the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He famously debated Abraham Lincoln in 1858.

Question 60

60.  Caning of Charles Sumner

Accepted Answer

In 1856, Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina brutally beat Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane on the Senate floor in retaliation for Sumner's anti-slavery speech.

Question 61

61.  Demise of Whig Party

Accepted Answer

The Whig Party dissolved in the mid-1850s due to internal divisions over slavery, with many Northern Whigs joining the new Republican Party.

Question 62

62.  Dred Scott Case

Accepted Answer

A landmark 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court. It also declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Question 63

63.  Dred Scott Case\*

Accepted Answer

(See explanation for #62)

Question 64

64.  Lecompton Constitution

Accepted Answer

A proposed constitution for Kansas drafted in 1857 by pro-slavery advocates. It was highly controversial and ultimately rejected by Congress.

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APUSH S2