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gabriel
nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The master integration and command center of the body, structurally consisting of only the brain and spinal cord. | Central Nervous System (CNS) |
| The structural network of receptors and cord-like bundles of wrapped fibers ("wires") that carry signals outside of the brain and spinal cord. | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| A bundle of peripheral axons wrapped tightly in connective tissue that serves as a bi-directional communication cable. | Nerve |
| The specific group of 12 pairs of peripheral communication cables that emerge directly from the base of the brain. | Cranial Nerves |
| The specific group of 31 pairs of peripheral communication cables that emerge along segments of the spinal cord. | Spinal Nerves |
| A rapid, predictable, and involuntary motor response programmed to execute automatically following a specific stimulus. | Reflex |
| The anatomical loop or pathway traversed by electrical impulses to execute an involuntary, preprogrammed action. | Reflex Arc |
| The pathway category for automatic reflexes that directly stimulate or contract skeletal muscle tissue (e.g., the knee-jerk response). | Somatic Reflex |
| The pathway category for automatic reflexes that stimulate involuntary smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glandular secretions (e.g., the pupillary light response). | Autonomic Reflex |
| The specific muscle tissue, organ, or gland cell at the tail end of a reflex arc that executes the ultimate physical response. | Effector Organ |
| The clear, curved anterior window of the eye that initially allows light to enter and bends it inward. | Cornea |
| The pigmented, circular smooth muscle layer that dynamically adjusts its central opening to control the volume of light entering the eye. | Iris |
| The flexible, biconvex structure suspended behind the iris that changes shape to finely focus light rays cleanly onto the back wall of the eye. | Lens |
| The inner sensory layer of the eye containing dense networks of specialized rod and cone photoreceptors. | Retina |
| The small, specialized central pit on the retina containing a high density of cones, serving as the point of maximal visual acuity. | Fovea Centralis |
| The region of the posterior eye completely devoid of photoreceptors where nerve fibers converge to form the optic nerve. | Blind Spot (Optic Disc) |
| The thin, translucent connective tissue membrane that vibrates immediately upon impact from external acoustic sound waves. | Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) |
| The collective anatomical term for the three tiny, articulating bones of the air-filled middle ear cavity (malleus, incus, and stapes). | Auditory Ossicles |
| The structural channel that vents air between the middle ear cavity and the pharynx to equalize pressure across the eardrum. | Eustachian Tube (Auditory Tube) |
| The fluid-filled, snail-shell-like structure of the inner ear lined with specialized sensory hair cells dedicated to hearing. | Cochlea |
| The three fluid-filled, loop-shaped structures within the inner ear housing receptors that register rotational head movements to manage equilibrium. | Semicircular Canals |
| : Sensory receptors specialized to fire rapidly in response to actual or potential tissue damage, transmitting the sensation of pain. | Nociceptors |
| Sensory receptors that register physical distortions, pressure waves, stretching forces, or fluid movements (crucial for touch, blood pressure, and hearing). | Mechanoreceptors |
| Sensory receptors optimized to detect variations in ambient or direct thermal energy (heat and cold). | Thermoreceptors |
| Sensory receptors that detect variations in the molecular configuration or concentration of dissolved substances (crucial for taste, smell, and blood chemistry monitoring). | Chemoreceptors |
Created by:
yatteyy