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AP WORLD 8 VOCAB

TermDefinition
European Economic Community An alliance formed in 1957 by six West European countries dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs; it gradually developed into the larger European Union.
Marshall Plan Huge U.S. government initiative to aid in the post–World War II recovery of Western Europe that was put into effect in 1948.
Great Leap Forward Communist push for collectivization that created “people’s communes” and aimed to mobilize China’s population for rapid development.
Cultural Revolution was a massive campaign launched by Mao Zedong in the mid-1960s to combat the capitalist tendencies that he believed reached into even the highest ranks of the Communist Party; the campaign threw China into chaos.
cold war Geopolitical and ideological conflict with communist regimes and capitalist powers after World War II characterized by the avoidance of direct military conflict between the USSR and the United States and an arms race in nuclear weapons.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military alliance, created in 1949, between the United States and various European countries; largely aimed at defending against the threat of Soviet aggression during the cold war.
Warsaw Pact A military alliance between the Soviet Union and communist states in Eastern Europe, created in 1955 as a counterweight to NATO; expressed the tensions of the cold war in Europe.
Cuban Missile Crisis a standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba; the confrontation ended in compromise, with the USSR removing its missiles in exchange for the United States agreeing not to invade Cuba.
decolonization Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement and in some cases through violent military confrontations.
Indian National Congress The political party led by Mahatma Gandhi that succeeded in bringing about Indian independence from Britain in 1947.
Mohandas Gandhi “Great Soul,” the political leader of the Indian drive for independence from Great Britain; rejected the goal of modern industrialization and advocated nonviolence.
Muslim League Political group formed bc to the Indian National Congress in India’s struggle for independence from Britain; the League’s leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan.
globalization of democracy Late twentieth-century political shift that brought popular movements, multiparty elections, and new constitutions to countries around the world.
Mao Zedong Chairman of China’s Communist Party and de facto ruler of China from 1949 until his death.
Deng Xiaoping Leader of China from 1976 to 1997 whose reforms dismantled many of the distinctly communist elements of the Chinese economy.
Mikhail Gorbachev Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 whose efforts to reform the USSR led to its collapse
perestroika Gorbachev's economic program, launched in 1987 aka restructuring
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Struggle between the Jewish state of Israel and the adjacent Palestinian Muslim territories that has generated periodic wars and upheavals since 1948.
Iranian Revolution Establishment of a radically Islamist government in Iran in 1979; helped trigger a war with Iraq in the 1980s.
Syrian Civil War Conflict beginning in 2011 that generated over 12 million refugees and asylum seekers by mid-2016 and engaged both regional and world powers on various sides of the conflict.
Created by: sandkyrie6
 

 



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