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7th science final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asteroid | a small rocky object that orbits the sun |
| comet | a small rocky and icy object that orbits the sun |
| A. U. | the average distance from the Earth to the Sun |
| period of revolution | the time it takes an object to travel once around the sun |
| period of rotation | The time it takes an object to complete one rotation |
| terrestrial planet | mercury Venus's earth and mars the planets closets to the sun and are made of rock and maleic materials and have solid outer layers |
| greenhouse affect | the natural process that occurs when certain gasses in the atmosphere absorb and reiterate thermal energy from the sun |
| earths atmosphere | a protective layer of mixed gases retained by gravity that surrounds the planet |
| earths structure | the layer special arrangement of its physical and chemical properties |
| metoroid | a small rocky partial that moves through space |
| meter | a meteoroid that has entered earths atmosphere and produces a streak of light |
| meteorite | a meteoroid that strikes a planet or moon |
| impact creator | around depression formed on a planet moon or other space object by the impact of a meteorite |
| AU math | divide |
| mineral | a solid that is naturally occurring and has a natural structure and definite composition |
| silicate | a member of the mineral group that has silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure |
| crystallization | the process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly repeating pattern |
| halite | menial of sodium chlorite |
| density | mass per unit volume of a substance |
| mohs hardness scale | measures a minerals hardness rating it 1-10 |
| rock cycle | the series of process that change one type of rock into another type of rock |
| intrusive rocks | a rock that forms as magma cools under ground |
| extrusive rocks | a rock that forms as magma cools on earths surface |
| volcanic glass | rock that forms when magma cools to quickly to form crystals |
| foliated rock | a rock that contains parallel layers flat and elongated |
| non foliated rock | metamorphic rock with mineral grains that have random interlocking texture |
| metamorphism | process that effects a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temp pressure or addition of chemical fluids |
| Pangaea | super continent |
| Continental drift | the movement of earths continents over time |
| Mid-ocean ridge | long narrow mountain ranges formed by magma at divergent plate boundaries |
| normal polarity | when compasses orient themselves to point north |
| sea floor spreading | the process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid ocean range and older oceanic crust moves away from the ridge |
| Magnetic reversal | an event that causes a magnetic field to reverse direction |
| reversed polarity | when a compass reverses direction and orients itself to point north |
| theory of plate tectonics | Alfreda Wegner |
| lithosphere | the outermost layer of earth that includes the upper most mantle of crust |
| divergent boundary | two plates go away |
| transformation plate boundary | two plates slide against each other |
| ocean to continent convergent | two plates collide causing volcanoes |
| continent to continent | can cause mountains |
| subduction | the process that occurs when one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate |
| convection | the curculatin of particles within a material caused by differences in thermal energy and density |
| ridge push | the process that results when magma rises at a mid ocean ridge and pushes oceanic plates in two different directions away from the ridge |
| slab pull | denser plate sinks below a more buoyant plate |
| atomsphere | a thin layer of gasses surrounding earth |
| ozone layer | the area of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone |
| gasses in the atmosphere | 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% other |
| radiation | energy carried by an electro magnetic wave |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy through collisions |
| convection | the circulation of particles within a material caused by differences in thermal energy and density |
| stability | weather circulating air motions are strong or weak |
| temp inversion | altitude increases temp decreases |
| trade winds | steady winds that flow from east from west that flow from 30 west latitude and 30 north longitude |
| westerlies | steady winds that flow from west to east |
| polar easterlies | cold winds that blow from the east to the west that flow near the north and the south pole |
| jet stream | a narrow band of high winds that are near the top of the troposphere |
| sea breeze | a wind that blows from the sea to the land due to local temp and pressure diff |
| land breeze | a wind that blows from the land to the sea due to local temp and pressure diff |
| air pollution | contamination of air by harmful substances including gasses and smoke |
| acid precipitation | precipitation that has a lower ph than rain water |
| photochemical smog | air population that forms from interactions between the air and sunlight |
| density | D=m/v |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | the entire range of electro magnetic waves with diff frequences and wave lengths |
| refracting telescope | a telescope that uses lenses to gather and focus light from distance objects |
| reflecting telescope | A telescope that uses a mirror to gather and focus light from distance light |
| radio telescope | a telescope that collects radio waves and some microwaves using a antenna that looks like a tv satellite dish |
| rocket | a vichcele propled by the exhaust made from burning fuel |
| space shuttle | reuseable space craft that transports people and materials to and from space |
| lunar | of or relating to the moon |
| satellite | any small object that orbits a larger object other than a star |
| space probe | an uncrewed space craft sent from earth to explore objects from space |
| project apollo | a series of space missions designed to send people to the moon |
| astrobiology | the study of the origin of development distribution and future of life on earth and in the universe |
| extraterrestrial life | life that originates outside of earth |
| NASA | National aromatics and space administration |
| solstice | when earths rotation axis is tilted directly towards or away from the sun |
| orbit | the path an object follows as it moves around another object |
| revolution | the orbit of one object around anther object |
| rotation | the spin of a object around its axis |
| rotation axis | the line on which an object rotates |
| Equinox | when earths rotation axis is pointing neither toward nor away from the sun |
| wanning phase | phases of the moon which less of the moons near side is lit each night |
| waxing phase | phases of the moon which more of the moons neither side is near earth |
| phase | the portion of the moon or a planet reflecting light a seen from earth |
| maria | the large dark flat areas on the moon |
| umbra | the central darker part of the shadow where light is totally blocked |
| penumbra | the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked |
| solar eclipse | an occurrence during which the moons shadow appears on earths surface |
| lunar eclipse | an occurrence during which the moon moves into earth's shadow |
| tide | the rise and fall of the oceans surface caused by the gravitational pull between the earth and the moon |
| mass | the quantity of matter contained in an object |
| Venus and earth are referred to as .... | sister planets |
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