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Stack #4684799
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Second Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. |
| revival | Great Awakening |
| piety | the quality of being religious or reverent |
| rationalism | A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response |
| religious doctrine | the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group |
| Unitarianism | Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity |
| Universalism | the ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function |
| revivalism | Second Great Awakening led to it. Revived a great faith in Christianity with more Americans belonging to the church. HS: Led to more people advocating equal rights such as blacks and women. |
| theologians | People who study the nature of God and religious truth |
| denominations | big groups of congregations that share the same faith and are governed under one administrative umbrella |
| international migration | Human movement involving movement across international boundaries |
| internal migration | Permanent movement within a particular country. |
| population | the number of people living in the same area |
| urban | in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town. |
| nativism | favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Era of Good Feelings | A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. |
| Whigs Political Party (1834) | Founded in 1834 to unite faction opposed to President ("King") Jackson. The party favored federal responsibility for internal improvements. It ceased to exist by late 1850's when the party members divided over the issue of slavery. It was led by Henry Cla |
| Democrats Political Party (1834) | A political party formed in the early 19th century, primarily associated with Andrew Jackson and later, the belief in states' rights and limited federal government. The party has evolved into one of the two major political parties in the U.S., advocating |
| First Party System | Began in 1792. The federalist party and its opposing republican party competed for control of the presidency. Republican party was made because people saw the federalists as gaining too much power. |
| Second Party System | The second party structure in the nation's history that emerged when Andrew Jackson first ran for the presidency in 1824. The system was built from the bottom up as political participation became a mass phenomenon. |
| antebellum | Belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War |
| self-sufficiency | the ability to fulfill all of one's needs without assistance. |
| yoeman farmer | owner of a small farm with four or fewer enslaved persons, and usually none |
| plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country. |
| planting class | Culturistic ideologies are there for everyone (white Southerners) |
| Upper South | Climate & geography distinguished from lower south; emerged out of economic crisis in the 1850s by diversifying agriculture, urbanization, and expansion of manufacturing and trade; single-crop; tobacco--> wheat & corn |
| Deep South | Also know as the "lower south" or "cotton kingdom" is the area where the majority of the country's cotton was produced. Many people flocked to this area to find work |
| Second Middle Passage | Slave trade within the United States |
| aspirations | a hope or ambition of achieving something |
| slave codes | Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights. |
| Denmark Vessy | An African American who tried to lead a violent slave revolt but was betrayed before it began and was exacuted with 35 other people. |
| Nat Turner | Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives |
| slave patrols | Police-type organizations created in the American South during colonial times to control slaves and support the southern economic system of slavery. |
| repressive | keeping down or holding back |
| Manifest Destiny | the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
| westward migration | the movement of people to the western and mid-western states to find new opportunities (ex. jobs, land, and gold). |
| 1819 Transcontinental Treaty | Treaty signed in 1819 between the U.S. and Spain in which Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and agreed to a southern border of the U.S. west extending all the way to the Pacific Ocean. |
| annex | (v.) To add to, attach: to incorporate;(n.) An attachment or addition |
| 49th Parallel | Final compromise line that settled the Oregon boundary dispute in 1846 |
| refuge | a safe place |
| Gold Rush | a period from1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold. |
| Forty Niners | People who went to California looking for Gold (They left in 1849) |
| nativism | the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. |
| government initiatives | new government policy, grant funding, control measures |
| Transcontinental railroad | Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west |
| Kanagawa Treaty | An 1854 agreement - the first between the United States and Japan - it opened two Japanese ports to American commerce, protected shipwrecked American sailors, and ended Japan's 200 years of isolation |
| Wilmot Priviso | Bill that would ban slavery in the territoies acquired after the War with Mexico |
| appropriating | being able to internalize or take for yourself knowledge and skills developed in interaction with others or with cultural tools |
| involuntary servitude | forced labor |
| squatter sovereignty | another plan that allowed people of the territory to decide the status of slavery there; later named popular sovereignty |
| Free Soil Party | Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. |
| Compromise of 1850 | (1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave |
| Zachary Taylor | (1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard F |
| fugitive slave law | Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the undergro |
| sectional conflict | Tensions between North and South over slavery. |
| Anti-Catholic nativist movement | Americans were resistant to immigrants. Caused turmoil and division in America. |
| Know Nothing Party | Political party of the 1850s that was anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant |
| Fugitive Slave Act | A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders |
| Underground Railroad | (FP) 1830, Harriet Tubman, a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North |
| Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) |
| slave patrols | Police-type organizations created in the American South during colonial times to control slaves and support the southern economic system of slavery. |
| Free Soil Movement | A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery. In 1848 the free-soilers organized the Free-Soil Party, which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a freeholder society, arguments that won broad support |
| inferiority | the condition of being lower in status or quality than another or others. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Created Nebraska and Kansas as states & gave the ppl in those territories the right to chose to be either a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.; repealed Missouri Compromise; destroyed Whig party & led to emergence of Republican party |
| Stephen Douglas | A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty. |
| civil administration | government; governing body - has authority in an area and controls police, services, etc. |
| repeal | to cancel an act or law |
| Bleeding Kansas (1856) | Disagreements over whether slavery should be allowed in Kansas led to violence among settlers. |
| border ruffians | Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas's election during the mid-1850's |
| Dredd Scott | (1857) He was a slave who was taken to free territory. Scott sued for his freedom and the Supreme Court declared that slaves are property, not people. Court also ruled that African Americans did not have U.S. citizenship. |
| Dredd Scott decision (1857) | The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories |
| Republican Party | 1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories |
| liberate | to set free |
| draft (war) | Mandatory enlistment for military service. |
| Shermans March | (1864-1865) Union General William Tecmseh Sherman's destructive March through Georgia. An early instance of "Total war", puposely targeting infrastucture and civialian property to diminish moral and undercut the confederate war effort. |
| 1862 Conscription Act | all White males age 18-35 must serve 3 years if called upon |
| Emancipation | the freeing of slaves |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union. |
| Confiscation Act (1862) | president could use freed slaves as soldiers |
| Presidential War Powers | term referring to the president's authority as commander in chief |
| habeas corpus | An order to produce an arrested person before a judge. |
| Gettysburg Address | (1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights |
Created by:
johnnyone75