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Biology Final Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a firm but flexible form of connective tissue | Cartilage |
| the laying down of new bone material by osteoblasts | Ossification |
| the point where two bones come together | Joint |
| a band of connective tissue that holds a joint together | Ligament |
| Ossification involves creating bone from _____. | Cartilage |
| a layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except the joint ends of long bones | Periosteum |
| connective tissue sheath that covers the ends of the bones forming the joint | Joint Capsule |
| lines the inner surface of the joint cavity and produces synovial fluid | Synovial Membrane |
| lubricates the joint and absorbs shocks | Synovial Fluid |
| sac-like structures that are located between moving parts of joints; reduce friction between the structures as the move | Bursas |
| The jawbone and vertebrae are _____ bones. | Irregular |
| The ribs are _____ bones. | Flat |
| The arms and legs are ____ bones | Long |
| The carpals and tarsals are _____ bones. | Short |
| the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk | Axial Skeleton |
| the bones of the pelvic and pectoral girdles and their appendages | Appendicular |
| often classified according to how the two bones ____ in relation to one another | Move |
| immovable joints are called _____ | Sutures |
| joints in which the vertebrae have pads of cartilage between them that allow limited movement are called ___ ____ joints | Slightly Moveable |
| these joints allow for head to rotate and swivel | Pivot Joints |
| these joints are in the wrist and ankle bones; allow limited lateral and vertical movement | Gliding Joints |
| these joints create rotating movement; hip and shoulder joints | Ball-and-socket Joints |
| these joints bend in only one direction; knees and elbows | Hinge Joints |
| the collagen _____ contains calcium salts that make bones hard and strong | Matrix |
| a cell that builds and mineralizes new bone | Osteoblast |
| the type of bone that contains many small spaces, usually located in the ends of long bones | Spongy Bone |
| dense, hard bone tissue made of tightly packed osteons | Compact Bone |
| the subunit that makes up compact bone | Osteon |
| a living bone cell resident in an osteon | Osteocyte |
| This type of bone is found in the epiphysis. | Spongy Bone |
| the channel within an osteon that contains the capillaries and nerves that service the osteon’s osteocytes | Haversian Canal |
| the shaft of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| the ends of a long bone | Epiphyses |
| a plate of cartilage at each end of a long bone where bone growth takes place in children and adolescents | Growth Plate |
| a type of cell that breaks down bone tissue | Osteoclast |
| the place on the stationary bone where the muscle attaches | Origin |
| the muscle’s attachment location on the movable bone | Insertion |
| a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone | Tendon |
| Platelets are produced in ____ bone marrow. | Red |
| a small bundle of muscle fibers; multiple together form a muscle | Fascicle |
| involuntary muscle; forms the walls of internal organs | Smooth Muscle |
| muscle found only in the heart | Cardiac Muscle |
| Both calcium and _____ are stored in bones. | Phosphate |
| Explain the relationship between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes | An osteoblast is a cell that builds new bone, an osteoclast is a cell that breaks down bown tissue, and an osteocyte is a living bone cell that is resident in an osteon. They all help our bones to be strong and healthy. |
| Explain the purpose of the axial skeleton | It is made of the bones that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk. |
| Explain how the digestive system and respiratory system interact with the muscular system. | The respiratory system supplies muscles with oxygen, and the digestive system supplies muscles with glucose so that they can make ATP. |
| Compare spongy bone and compact bone. | They are both found in long bones and store minerals for the skeletal system. |
| Contrast the three types of muscles by their appearance, location in the body, and whether they act voluntarily or involuntarily. | Skeletal muscles: dark and light striped, attached to bones, and voluntary. Smooth muscles: are not dark and light striped, walls of interior organs, and involuntary. Cardiac muscles: striated, in the heart, and involuntary. |
| Describe how muscle contractions occur, focusing on the action of myosin and actin and the role of ATP. | Contractions are caused by myosin filaments pulling actin filaments inside the sarcomeres. Myosin uses ATP to pull on actin filaments. |
Created by:
LayneIS