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s.s Unit 5
MOST REACENT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| a beginner or novice who agrees to work for a master in his trade or craft in return for instruction and support | apprentice |
| protective clothing worn by the knight, may include a shield and lance | armor |
| the word for hospital in Persian | Bimaristan |
| a serious, sometimes fatal, infection from the bacterial toxin Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from infected rodents and characterized by high fever, weakness, and the swelling of glands | Bubonic Plague |
| The Byzantine Empire was the Greek- speaking eastern continuation of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome. Its capital was Constantinople (modern day Istanbul). | Byzantine Empire |
| government by a Muslim political and religious leader | Caliphate |
| calligraphy | ornamental handwriting |
| home to the king, lords and their families; often used a place of protection for the people of the manor | castle |
| the rules of behavior expected of the knight: they include fairness, courtesy, respect, protection of the weak | chivalry |
| the symbol used to identify the members of a noble family, often found on the shields of knights and on the outside of nobles’ homes | Coat of Arms |
| any of the military expeditions made by Christian countries in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims | Crusade |
| a Christian soldier who fought in a holy War to free Jerusalem from the Muslims | Crusader |
| a system where vassals (lesser nobles) held land from lords (nobles and the king) in exchange for protection and military service | feudalism |
| land held as a result of an agreement (pledge) between the vassal and the overlord, who pledges to honor and protect his vassal | fief |
| a group organized by merchants, artisans and craft worker to protect the members and set quality and price standards for all | guild |
| a former Greek Orthodox Baslica (church) later an imperial mosque, and now a museum | sophia |
| an Grecian stadium for horse racing and chariot racing. Adopted by other ancient cultures | hippodrome |
| the lands comprising ancient Palestine and including the sites and territories of the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions | holy lands |
| a religious image usually painted on a small wooden panel | icon |
| designs, pictures, and decoration used in manuscripts to make them more appealing | illuminations |
| people who do not believe in a particular religion | infidels |
| the capital of the ancient kingdom of Israel and contains sites sacred to the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions | Jerusalem |
| the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from C.E. 529 to 565 | Justinian’s Code |
| the ruler of the land, the top of the feudal pyramid | king |
| a trained horseman who fought for the king or his lord, a noble by birth | knight |
| the second in order in the feudal world, a noble who owned less land than the king, and was loyal to the king | lord |
| a large self-sufficient estate or farm belonging to a noble family. Peasants and serfs worked the land and engaged in crafts to supply the lord and his family with all they needed in exchange for protection | manor |
| the name given to the time period between 800 and 1400 C.E. | Middle Ages |
| a decoration on a surface made by setting small pieces of glass, tile, or stone of different colors into another material so as to make pictures or patterns | mosaic |
| In C.E. 532 the most violent riots in the history of Constantinople, with nearly half the city being burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people killed | Nika Riots |
| members of the wealthiest class in feudal society | nobles |
| the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire | Pax Romana |
| poor, but free people who live on the manor, and farm the land. They give crops and services to the Lord in exchange for protection | peasents |
| travel to a shrine or holy place to worship | pilgrimage hajj |
| a poor person who lives on and farms the land, they are not free, but belong to the land, one step above a slave. If the land is transferred they go with it. | serf |
| a series of well- like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels to ensure a reliable water supply | qanat |
| any of several Turkish dynasties that ruled over parts of SW Asia from the 11th to the 13th centuries C.E. | Seljuk |
| a poor person who lives on and farms the manor, they are not free, but belong to the land, one step above a slave. If the land is transferred they go with it | serf |
| heavy cloth woven with designs usually telling a story, hung on walls during the Middle Ages for warmth | tapestry |
| the exchange of goods | trade |
| in the Middle Ages, one who served the lord in exchange for land | vassal |
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