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SS unit 5
term and def
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| apprentice | a beginner or novice who agrees to work for a master in his trade or craft in return for instruction and support |
| armor | protective clothing worn by the knight, may include a shield and lance |
| Bimaristan | the word for hospital in Persian |
| Bubonic Plague | a serious, sometimes fatal, infection from the bacterial toxin Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from infected rodents and characterized by high fever, weakness, and the swelling of glands |
| Byzantine Empire | The Byzantine Empire was the Greek- speaking eastern continuation of the Roman Empire after the fall of Rome. Its capital was Constantinople (modern day Istanbul). |
| Caliphate | government by a Muslim political and religious leader |
| calligraphy | ornamental handwriting |
| castle | home to the king, lords and their families; often used a place of protection for the people of the manor |
| chivalry | the rules of behavior expected of the knight: they include fairness, courtesy, respect, protection of the weak |
| Coat of Arms | the symbol used to identify the members of a noble family, often found on the shields of knights and on the outside of nobles’ homes |
| Crusade | any of the military expeditions made by Christian countries in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslimsany of the military expeditions made by Christian countries in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover |
| Crusader | a Christian soldier who fought in a holy War to free Jerusalem from the Muslims |
| feudalism | a system where vassals (lesser nobles) held land from lords (nobles and the king) in exchange for protection and military service |
| fief | land held as a result of an agreement (pledge) between the vassal and the overlord, who pledges to honor and protect his vassal |
| guild | a group organized by merchants, artisans and craft worker to protect the members and set quality and price standards for all |
| Hagia Sophia | a former Greek Orthodox Baslica (church) later an imperial mosque, and now a museum |
| hippodrome | an Grecian stadium for horse racing and chariot racing. Adopted by other ancient cultures |
| Holy Lands | the lands comprising ancient Palestine and including the sites and territories of the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions |
| Icon | a religious image usually painted on a small wooden panel |
| illuminations | designs, pictures, and decoration used in manuscripts to make them more appealing |
| infidels | people who do not believe in a particular religion |
| Jerusalem | the capital of the ancient kingdom of Israel and contains sites sacred to the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions |
| Justinian’s Code | the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from C.E. 529 to 565 |
| King | the ruler of the land, the top of the feudal pyramid |
| Knight | a trained horseman who fought for the king or his lord, a noble by birth |
| Lord | the second in order in the feudal world, a noble who owned less land than the king, and was loyal to the king |
| manor | a large self-sufficient estate or farm belonging to a noble family. Peasants and serfs worked the land and engaged in crafts to supply the lord and his family with all they needed in exchange for protection |
| Middle Ages | the name given to the time period between 800 and 1400 C.E. |
| mosaic | a decoration on a surface made by setting small pieces of glass, tile, or stone of different colors into another material so as to make pictures or patterns |
| Nika Riots | In C.E. 532 the most violent riots in the history of Constantinople, with nearly half the city being burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people killed |
| nobles | members of the wealthiest class in feudal society |
| Pax Romana | the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire |
| peasants | poor, but free people who live on the manor, and farm the land. They give crops and services to the Lord in exchange for protection |
| pilgrimage hajj | travel to a shrine or holy place to worship |
| serf | a poor person who lives on and farms the land, they are not free, but belong to the land, one step above a slave. If the land is transferred they go with it. |
| qanat | a series of well- like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels to ensure a reliable water supply |
| Seljuk Turks | any of several Turkish dynasties that ruled over parts of SW Asia from the 11th to the 13th centuries C.E. |
| tapestry | heavy cloth woven with designs usually telling a story, hung on walls during the Middle Ages for warmth |
| trade | the exchange of goods |
| vassal | - in the Middle Ages, one who served the lord in exchange for land a |
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user-1974106