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Grammar
Verb suffices & grammar
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| -고요 | It is used for continuing or adding to what the speaker or the other has said. Often expressing surprise or doubt. Added to dictionary form – as in 가다 -> 가다고요 |
| -고 나서 | after doing <verb> |
| -은/-ㄴ 다음 | after doing verb, then... |
| -여 | after doing that... and then... A conjunction showing actions in series. In formal written Korean (like notices or announcements), -여 is often used instead of -아/어/해서. Note - it's 하여, not 해여 |
| -고 나면 | After that happens ... once that's done... one action happens first and another follows. It usually refers to a specific, immediate sequence of actions. |
| -이고 | Used to connect clauses when the first clause ends with a <noun>이다 +고. Unlike 하고 and 이랑 this connects clauses. 제 책이고 제 가방입니다 ="It is my book and my bag" |
| -고 | AND, THEN, AFTER (doing the first phrase); a conjunction for verbs. 정장을 입고 방문했는데 = “I visited wearing a suit.” |
| -는 데 / -ㄴ 데 | as, while, but, however used for both:- 1) the first clause is the background of the second clause 2) The two clauses are in an opposite relationship |
| -ㄴ/은 결과 | as a result of. Show the result of something you did before. Use only once in a sentence. 그동안 열심히 치료를 받은 결과 병이 다 나았다=As a result of steadfastly receiving treatment, I have fully recovered. |
| -자 | as soon as; when; Let's (terminal verb) Indicates that once the first action happens, the second follows immediately. Itshows cause-and-effect or sequential action, similar to -어서 -니까 but emphasizes immediacy. ALSO, as terminal verb:- Let's - 가자 = Let's go! (casual) |
| -을까요 -ㄹ까요 | Ask other's opinion; should I..? would you like to..? Shall we...? It is attached after a verb to ask for others’ opinion on doing the action. |
| -(으)니 | so;because / since / when / realized that It is used to give a reason or background, often based on the speaker's discovery after an experience (-서=cause-result) 먹다 -> 먹으니; 오다 -> 오니; 살다 -> 사니 작다 -> 작으니; 크다 -> 크니; 길다 -> 기니 이다:--> 의사이니/의사니 |
| -잖아(요) | Because;reason;check;correct when the speaker wishes to check or correct the accuracy of something stated by the other party. ->you know, right? / it's really this way! -잖아요 cannot combine with -서. Use with verbs, adjectives, or nouns. |
| -느라고 | Because;reason; I was doing X so I could not do Y; Exclusion The action in the preceding phrase is the cause of the following phrase, a negative or unintended outcome. It's a negative result that has already happened. For random events like rain use -서 . |
| -거든요 | because;you see;you know (informal) Gives a reason or background information for something mentioned before, often in spoken or informal Korean. |
| adjective+-어/아/해지다 adjective+-고 싶어지다 | Become Expresses a change of state, and can be a developing state or a change from an opposing state. - becoming colder, or becoming cold (having been warm). -고 싶어지다 means “to start wanting to do something". It shows a change in feeling or desire. |
| -기 전에 | Before doing (in time sequence) The following statement occurs/occurred prior to the leading statement |
| 있는 것 | being ...something... |
| <place>에 있는 | being somewhere as adjective (not for event) |
| -지만 | But;Despite Admits what comes before while adding an opposing fact right after |
| <verb>-는 데 Adjective + -ㄴ 데/-은 데 | But;Display admiration;Conversational transition;Imply unspoken thought;Follow-up query. used to join phrases, provide background info, or imply an unspoken thought. Can be used for surprise, ask follow-up query, or serve as chat transition. |
| -을 수 있다 / -ㄹ 수 있다 -을 수가 있다 / -ㄹ 수가 있다 (emphatic form) | Shows that one can do the action. Use 가능하다 instead of "can do something" if meaning is of usage rather than capability. |
| 될 수 있다 | you can be, you can become |
| -을 수 없다/-ㄹ 수 없다 -을 수가 없다/-ㄹ 수가 없다 (emphatic form) | Cannot Added to a verb to show that one cannot do the action. For spoken korean, 못 placed before the verb is more common. |
| <verb>-지 못하다 못 <verb> | Cannot; fails to; does not –지 못하다 means “cannot”, but in real use it often means “fails to / does not”. <noun>ㄹ 내리지 못해요"= I fail to (do/make) <noun> |
| <verb/adjective>-나 보다 <verb/adjective/noun>-는가 보다 (formal) | Conjecture; guess Guessing or speculating based on what you see or know. (colloquial) |
| <verb>고 있다 | Continuous tense Korean usually uses the progressive form “-고 있다” for actions happening right now. |
| <verb/adjective>-(으)나 <noun>-(이)나 | Contrast two facts 무겁다 -> 무거우나; 춥다 -> 추우나; 덥다 -> 더우나 |
| <verb/adjective>-ㄴ / -은 | 1. converts action verb to simple past tense adjective. The thing that did something (not “was doing” something!). 간 사람 =the man who went. NB 둘러싸다 -> 둘러싸인 2. Converts adjective to stateless adjective; a thing that is currently being <adjective>. |
| <verb>-던 <adjective>-었던 / -았던 | <verb>-던; The was-<verb>ing for action verb to make past-continuous adjective. Something that was happening or continuing in the past. -었던 / -았던; Converts descriptive verbs to completed or past tense. 예뻤던 the <following noun> who used to be pretty. |
| <verb>-는 | Converts action verb to present tense adjective |
| <verb>-게 | Convert verb to adverb |
| <verb>-은 것 / -는 것 (present tense) <verb>-(으)ㄴ 것 (past tense) <verb>-(으)ㄹ 것 (future tense or speculation) <adjective>-(으)ㄴ 것 (all tenses) <verb>-기 (prefer -는 것 for general actions or habits) <verb>-질 (turns verb into the action noun) | Convert verb/adjective to noun 젊기 = being young (used before certain verbs like 싶다, 가능하다), 젊은 것 = a young thing / the fact of being young |
| <verb/adjective>-ㅁ / -음 | Convert verb/adjective to noun as either subject or object of sentence. |
| Notes on making nouns from verbs | 젊음: general noun, very abstract (like “youth”) 젊기: emphasizes the action or state (used grammatically before verbs) 젊은 것: literally “the young thing,” often used for more concrete or specific references |
| -도 있었을 텐데요 | could have (done something) It expresses a missed possibility or mild criticism about the past. |
| <verb>-기로 하다 Let’s do/decide to do/plan to do <verb>-기로 해요: Let's... <verb>-기로 했어요: decided to... | Decision; plan |
| -어도 괜찮 | doesn't matter if..; it's ok to |
| <verb/adjective>-다가 | End of old state; ...and then... The end of an action or state which smoothly transits into a different action or state, or a temporary interruption to an ongoingaction or state, depending on context. |
| <Verb>-어 있다/-아 있다 | End state after an action is the continuing focus Can be the result of being somewhere after going there, or continuation of current action. ALSO describes a state that continued for some time in the past. |
| <Verb>-게 되다 | End up in a situation Used when you end up in a specific situation due to outward influences, or against your will, or not of your making, or an incidental side effect. |
| -아도 / 어도 / -해도 | Even though <first phrase>, <second phrase> is true. |
| -어 / -아 / -해 보이다 | feel that; speculate that ㅏ, ㅗ 작다 ->작아 보이다 ㅏ, ㅗ X 길다 ->길어 보이다 하다 조용하다->조용해 보이다 (보여요) |
| <verb/adjective>-지 | Flag a third-party question 저는 토마스에게 인생에서 무엇을 하고 싶은지 물었어요=I asked him what he wanted to do in life. |
| -다 | general fact; habitual action 한다 is the present tense sentence form. Comparable with simple present in English, as in "I ride" |
| <verb/adjective>-(ㄴ/는)다는 | general fact; habit; belief (not a once-time action) It’s similar to “that someone does/says/thinks/is” in English. -는다면 combines reporting (-는다는) with “if” (-면), so it means something like “if it is said that…” or “if (we assume that)…”. |
| <verb/adjective>-(ㄴ/는)다는 게 | "What I meant by [doing/saying]..." or "I intended to..., but [result]...". |
| <verb/adjective>-ㄴ/은 적이 없어요. | have never experienced; have never done; have never been |
| -어야 ; -아야; ; -해야; -이라야 (nouns with 이다) | have to do this to achieve that |
| <Verb/Adjective>-을 것 같다 / -ㄹ 것 같다 | Guessing about an act Generally a future act, but present is possible. NB 줍다 -> 주울; 덥다->더울 |
| <Verb>-어 주다/-아 주다 / -해 주다 <Verb>-어 드리다/-아 드리다 / -해 드리다 (polite form) | Help to do; Do for someone 주다/드리다 means to give, so this indicates doing an action for someone else. It is usually used when asking for help or to say you would do something for others. |
| -시- | Honorific marker As in 오시는 is an honorific marker. It’s added to verbs to show respect to the subject, especially when talking about someone higher in status (like an elder, customer, etc). |
| <verb>-지 알 수 있다 | I can tell that <verb> |
| <verb/adjective>-을 텐데 | I imagine that...so...; I guess that...so.. show the second phrase is related to the first phrase indicating the speaker’s beliefs. 먹다->먹을 텐데; 오다->올 텐데; 받침 ‘ㄹ’ 살다->살 텐데 작다->작을 텐데; 크다->클 텐데 길다->길 텐데 이다 학생일 텐데; 의사일 텐데 / 의살 텐데 |
| -더라 | I noticed; I found that Used when talking about something you personally saw or experienced |
| <verb>-는 편이다 <adjective>-ㄴ 편이다 | I tend to...; I kind of..; report bias; not definive statement The information in the phrase tends to lean toward one side but without declaring a definitive observation. 먹다->먹는 편이다; 오다->오는 편이다 [LC] 작다->작은 편이다; [no LC] 크다->큰 편이다 |
| <verb/adjective>-어야겠- <verb/adjective>-아야겠- <verb/adjective>-해야겠- <noun-LC>-이어야겠- <noun-no LC>-여야겠- | I think it needs to...; I imagine I must...; I ought to... 저는 is often omitted because it is understood that the speaker is the one taking the action. |
| -으면 좋겠어요 | I wish; I hope |
| -다면 | if hypothetical, imaginary or unlikely. |
| -(으)면 만약 ...-(으)면 | when; if Verbs ending w/o LC, or verbs ending with -ㄹ, just add 면; verbs with other LC, use -으면. 만약 (=in case; if) - can be added at start of sentence for emphasis. |
| -려거든 | if you intend to |
| -(으)ㄹ게(요) | This is a first-person only ending used to show intention or a promise, and can also be used conditionally. 원하면, 해 드릴게요 = If you want me to, I will do it for you. |
| -으려면 | If you want to ... then you have to ... <the task you want to do> -으려면 <what you need to do to achieve it> (in a general sense, like a plan or intention) |
| <verb>-자면 | if you want to...; if you intend to... Similar to -(으)려면, but it often feels a bit more personal or expressive. |
| -라 | Imperative (abrupt, strong) very direct, sometimes rude (especially in service situations) |
| <verb>-는 데 | in <verb>-ing; for <verb>-ing Whatever statement you're giving is background information for the following statement. it can also be used to give contrast or make excuses. |
| <verb>-기 위해 | In order to... Do the second thing in order to achieve the first. It indicates the goal or motive behind a particular action in the following phrase. |
| -으려고 / -려고 | In order to; Purpose; Intention; Desire Do something in second phrase to achieve first phrase. Indicates that the enabler for completing the first phrase follows afterwards. |
| <verb>-기 위해 <noun> -을/ 를 위해 / 위해서 | in order to <verb>; to do <verb> I do something in second phrase to achieve first phrase. |
| <verb> 도록 | I do something in second phrase to achieve first phrase; it shows purpose or intended result (so that it will switch off), while -게 just describes a change or state (to make/let it switch off). |
| -게 하기 위해 | in order to make something more... 더 정확하게 하기 위해 저는 심지어 물도 무게를 재요 = I even weigh water because it is more accurate. |
| <verb>-을까 보다/-ㄹ까 보다 | Indeterminate It indicates that someone is willing to do an action though it is not determined. "I'm thinking of...", "I'd like to..." |
| <verb>-는 대신에 (present tense) <verb>-ㄴ 대신에 |(past tense) <adjective>-ㄴ/은 대신에 <noun> 대신에 | Instead of used to indicate the action in the following phrase was used as or is being offered as an alternative for the action in the preceding phrase. There is no future tense because it is planning. 그 대신에: instead of that, refers to preceding phrase |
| -려고 하다 | to intend to; to be planning to Implies intention more than purpose |
| <Verb>-을래/-ㄹ래 | Intention; Interests; Choice It indicates a person’s intention or interests on a matter or a choice as a question. It is widely used in informal speech. (Let’s do this…) |
| -ㄹ/을 것 같다 | it seems like; I think that; probably will |
| -는 셈이다 | it's almost like; it's like...; it means that...; in a way |
| -(으)면 되다 | it's ok if...; you should...; you can.... It is an expression indicating that there is no problem or that it is sufficient given the conditions of the preceding content are met. -(으)면 안 되다 - it is not ok if you .... |
| -ㄹ 뿐이다 | it's just; it's merely; it's only |
| -ㄹ 줄 알다 | know how to... |
| -게 해주다 | Let someone do something |
| -자 (casual) -ㅂ/읍시다 (formal) | Let's |
| -게 하다 | make someone do something; cause someone to do something 낭송하게 했었어요=used to make me recite |
| -도 돼요? | May I...? Is it okay if...? |
| -는 것을 말해요 | means that; suggests that; implies that |
| Verb+(으)러+movementVerb | Move to do something |
| <verb/adjective>-어야지 / -아야지 / -해야지 | need A to do/be Bthe preceding phrase is a prerequisite for the following phrase=You need this to do/be that. Frequently second phrase employs "you can"= "-ㄹ 수 있다". In casual speech, Koreans often drop the 지 and just say -어야. |
| -아/어/ 여 + 야 되다/하다 | Need to do; Obligation to do; NOT "to need something" You have to…., You should…, I have to… verb stems ending in vowels ㅏ or ㅗ + -아야 되다/하다 verb stems ending in other vowels + -어야 되다/하다 하 + -여야 되다/하다 ->해야 되다 되다 is more usual in speech. |
| 안 <verb> -지 않아요 | Negation Use 안 in everyday speech except for 믿지 않아요 (to not believe), 원하지 않아요 (to not want), 그렇지 않아요 (that's not so / that isn't the case) tend to us -지 .않아요. Use -지 않다 instead of 안 when they want to sound more emphatic, deliberate, or firm, even in conversation. Use -지 않아요 in writing. |
| -네요 | new fact speaker noticing or emphasizing a new fact, polite nuance. |
| 불 | Not 불 is the hanja (Chinese characters) stem that negates a word. So Usage like 안 |
| -지 않지만 | not... by; although not... 맛있지는 않지만 건강하다=It's not delicious but it's healthy |
| -어 있다 -아 있다 -해 있다 | Ongoing actions It indicates that the state after an action is continuing. 저기에 다 모여 있어요. 빨리 오세요 =Everyone's gathered over there. Come quickly. |
| <Verb/Adjective>-을 수밖에 없다 | Only option There was nothing else that can be done, there was only one option. |
| <verb/adjective>-(이)거나 | OR |
| <verb/adjective>-었었- <verb/adjective>-았었- <verb/adjective>-했었- <noun LC>-이었었- <noun no LC> -였었- | Past situation; used to... the situation in the first phrase is either different from the present situation or did not continue into the present. |
| -다고 하다 | People say that...; it is said that... Used for reported speech |
| <verb/adjective>-어도 되다 <verb/adjective>-아도 되다 <verb/adjective>-해도 되다 | Permission (asking&giving) Used to ask/grant permission for an act or a state. Same for for both asking and for granting permission. If the verb stem ends in 오/아, use -아도 돼요. For other vowels, use -어도 돼요. 하다, change it to -해도 돼요. |
| -을 계획이다 | plan to ... |
| -으십시오 -십시오 | Please do... A very formal and polite imperative – Please do! It’s often used in public announcements, instructions, or formal speeches. |
| -으세요 -세요 | Please do Honorific imperative to subject of sentence. (Please do this sir!)-세요 after no LC; -세요 after LC=ㄹ, then drop the ㄹ -으세요 after LC that is not ㄹ |
| -아/어/여 주세요 | Please do me a favour, and ... Has the nuance of asking for a favour or asking the other person to do something “for you”. |
| -지 마세요 | Please don't; please stop 하지 마세요 = Don’t do it! Drop it! Stop it! Forget about it! To use -지 마세요, descriptive verbs must be made into action verbs by adding 하다. |
| -ㄴ다 | simple present or present continuous, depending on context. |
| -더라 | previous experience; recently learned fact A non-honorific final ending used when conveying a previous experience or a recently learned fact. |
| -게 | Purpose; consequence the first phrase is the purpose of the consequential action second phrase. - "so as not to be late, let us take a taxi." |
| <verb/adjective>-니? <noun>이니? | a non-honorific final ending used when asking questions, ordering something, suggesting to do something together, or exclaiming something. Verb:- 받침 -> 먹다 -> 먹니? // 받침 -> 오다 -> 오니? // 받침 ‘ㄹ’ -> 살다 ->사니? adjective:-받침 -> 작다 -> 작? // 받침 -> 크다 -> 크니? |
| -지 말다 | Restriction; limitation Indicates a restriction or limitation on an action. Normally as -지 말세요. 지금 빨래를 할까요? 비가 오고 있어요. 지금은 하지 말어요=Shall we do the laundry now? It’s raining. Don’t do it now. |
| -제 | Right? Isn't it? This ending is informal and is used to ask for agreement or to confirm something already known, similar to adding "right?" or "isn't it?" at the end of a sentence in English. |
| -죠? (=-지요?) | right? you know?speaker expects listener to agree or already knows. ....you know, right? |
| -라고 했다 | said...; they say....; told us to...; had us do... |
| -다고 말했어요 | says that...(Hearsay) A common way to report speech or thoughts in Korean. In English, this becomes "said that..." |
| -ㄹ/을 것 같다 | seem(s) like ~; look(s) like...; be likely to ... |
| -ㄴ/-은 지 | Since t's been [period of time] since [whatever happens in first phrase] See also particle -부터, 때부터, grammar -기 때문에, -은 때 |
| -ㄴ/은 이후로 | Since (after the time when something happened) Used when focusing on the starting point of a period. |
| <verb/adjective>-기 때문에 | So The foregoing statement is a reason or cause of the following statement. 숙제가 많기 때문에 오늘은 못 가요=I can't go today because I have a lot of homework. |
| -으니까/-니까 | so emphasizes that the prior text acts as the cause, basis, or premise of the following context, often used for a more direct, personal, or subjective reason, especially to make suggestions or give commands. Contrast neutral -서. More common in writing, |
| -어서/-아서/해서 also abbreviated to -어/-아/해 이다 -> -(이)라서 | So; and then; while doing … The first part of the sentence causes the second part. |
| -(으)므로 | So; Because The first phrase is the cause of the second phrase. It is used for formal and descriptive writing. |
| -을 거라서 / -ㄹ 거라서 | So (future) Links cause and effect combined with future tense (“I will xxx so I will yyy”) |
| <verb/adjective>-겠- | Speculation; Guess; would; could Indicates one’s speculation/guess about an action or a situation. |
| <verb>-읍시다 <verb>-ㅂ시다 | Suggest joint action; Let's ... It is attached after a verb to suggest joint action together – “Let’s ….”. It is used in formal situations, but not used towards the elderly or superiors. 비빔밥을 먹읍시다=Let's eat bibimbap. |
| <verb/adjective>-네- | Surprise Indicates that the fact is newly known from finding out now. Indicates surprise |
| <verb>-는군, <adjective>-군 | Surprise at a pre-existing or newly discovered fact. |
| -에 대해 이야기해요 | talk about; discuss |
| -는 편 | tend to; tend to be 저는 주말에 바쁜 편이에요=I tend to be busy at weekends |
| -덕분에 | Thanks to; Because of |
| -ㄴ다는 | That one does; that one is |
| <verb/adjective>지요? | That's right, yes? They are...., right? Used to ask someone, believing that he already knows it, or to confirm a fact believed to be true. Can use past tense -ㅆ지요. |
| -자마자 | then immediately indicates that the action in the following phrase happens directly after the action in the preceding phrase. -자마자 can be used after both actions and moments like “realizing” or “finding out,” not only things you actively do. |
| <verb>다고 생각해요. | They think it's <verb> |
| -ㄹ | to ...do something 쓸 필요 = to/a need to write, where write qualifies the noun "need" |
| <verb>-지다 | To become <adjective> a change of state into the verb meaning from its opposite. 여뻐지다 = to become pretty |
| <verb>-아/어 보다 | Trying doing something; Have you .... Used to express trying something,. "가 보다" is a specific instance of this structure. 서울에 가 봤어요? = Have you been to Seoul? .-아/어 보다 is used to talk about past experiences. Verb + 아/어 보다 -> try that one time |
| -게되다 | Turned out that...; happened that ... |
| -으면서 -면서 -ㄹ면서 -(으)며 = -(으)면서 | Two or more simultaneous actions; while 저녁밥을 먹으면서 텔레비전을 볼 거예요= I'll be watching television while eating dinner. Both phrases must have same subject. An LC of ㄹ does not use the 으 linkage, just add 면서 |
| -ㄹ 때까지 | until a specific time or event |
| -고 싶다 (for speaker) -고 싶어 하다 (for someone else) | Want; wish Attached to verb to show desire to ... Not usable as progressive - Cannot say "I am wanting to..." so use "I wanted to for a long time" |
| -을래요 | want to; would like to expresses personal desire or choice. It is more about a personal choice or decision at that moment, often in response to a situation or suggestion. |
| <verb/adjective>-은 때 (past/present) <verb/adjective>-을 때/-ㄹ 때-을 때 (future/general action) | When -은 때 -> when I did, when I do -을 때/-ㄹ 때/-을 때 =future tense/general action-> 공부할 때= when studying; when I die 어렸을 때: when I was young (focusing on a time in the past) 어릴 때: when I was young / during childhood (general) |
| <noun>가 있던 | where <noun> was/ were/ used to be |
| 어디서 ... -든 | Wherever; Everywhere Attaches to a location or situation to mean “wherever” or “everywhere”. 어디서 가든=everywhere we go, nomatter where we go |
| <verb>-는지 <verb>-는지 아닌지 <adjective>-은/-ㄴ지 <adjective>-은/-ㄴ지 아닌지 <noun> 이다 + ㄴ지 -> <noun>인지 | whether; whether or not (with 아닌지) 나는 그가 그것을 좋아하는지 (아닌지) 모르겠다=I don't know whether he likes it or not. |
| <verb/adj>-든...<verb/adj>-든 <noun>-(이)든...<noun>-(이)든 | Regardless of whether it's A or B When you present two choices and mean "regardless of whether it's A or B, 낮에 먹든 저녁에 먹든= whether eaten during the day or in the evening |
| -ㄹ/을지 | whether (to ...) |
| -는 동안 | while; whilst |
| -로 일하고 있어요 | work as ...; be working as ... |
| -(으)면 되다 | you can...; It's okay to...; You're allowed to...; You just need to...; you have permission to ...; |
| -(으)면 안 되다 | you must not...; you're not allowed to...; you can't... (informal); It's not okay to...; you don't have permission to .. |
| <verb>-는 동안에 | While; Whilst; When; At the time of I’ll be doing task B during the time task A is active. Phrases can have different subjects. It is used when you mean “during the time that something happens” -usually for a longer period or for a whole action. |
| <verb>을/ㄹ 때 | While; Whilst; When “when something happens”-can take short or long time, often with simple verbs, but it works with phrases too. 10살일 때 emphasizes the exact age when something happened. but 10살 때 is simpler and more casual, meaning “when I was 10.” |
| -을 테니 | Shows the desire to fulfill a condition in the preceding phrase as a prerequisite for the following phrase. OR The preceding phrase conditionally predicates the following phrase. 내가 대신 받아 줄 테니 걱정하지 마.=I'll take it for you, so don't worry. |
| -도록 | 1. so that; in order to 2. until; up to the point where; to the extent that; so much that 3. soft command; Make sure to; So that 1. - to explain that the first action is done to achieve a specific goal or outcome. 늦지 않도록 할게요.=I won't be late. to laugh so hard that your stomach hurts / to laugh like crazy |
| -기 때문이다 | because (it is) |
| -을/ㄹ 수도 있다 | also: might; could Something is a possibility or that an action is an option. |
| -아 -아 있다 | Command; state 1. As a command: "앉아!" translates to "Sit!" or "Sit down!" (informal). 2. As a state: Combined with ~있다 (앉아 있다) it means "sitting" or "being seated". (e.g., 의자에 앉아 있어요 = I am sitting on the chair). |
| -는 만큼, 만큼 | as much as; to the same extent as; up to the extent of VERB:- present -는 만큼; past -은/ㄴ 만큼;future -을/ㄹ 만큼 Adjective:- -은/ㄴ 만큼 Noun:- <noun>만큼 |
| -고 나다 | and once that's done, ...; and then; next After the first part is fully complete, do the second part. Both parts must have the same subject. |
| -은 다음에 | and once that's done, ...; and then; next After the first part is fully complete, do the second part. More formal than -고 나다, and can be used instead for emphasis. Each part can have a different subject; |
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