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Physics 8.7
| question/term | answer/definition |
|---|---|
| Define the law of conservational energy: | It states that energy can be transferred or transformed but not created or destroyed (except in a nuclear reaction) |
| Define Radiation | The transfer of energy via particles or waves |
| Define mechanical waves | Waves that can travel via particle oscillation and require a medium to propagate |
| Types of mechanical waves | Transverse waves: particles of the medium oscillate in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction the wave is travelling Longitudinal waves: particles of the medium oscillate in a direction that is parallel to the direction the wave is travelling |
| What are Ion? | A particle with an unequal amount of protons and electrons (the valence electron has been removed by ionising radiation) |
| What are Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Define Ionising radiation (why is it dangerous) | radiation with enough energy to remove an electron from an atom (Ionising radiation can be dangerous to organisms because of the effect of atoms inside cells.) |
| define nuclear radiation | radiation that is emitted from the nucleus of an atom (Alpha, beta and gamma) |
| what are the three reasons an atomic nucleus will emit nuclear radiation? | - too many neutrons and protons in the nucleus - too many neutrons in the nucleus - unfavourable configuration of protons and neutrons - |
| What are radioisotopes? | atoms with unstable nuclei |
| Alpha Nuclear radiation: | ɑ, Particle, relative mass of 4, relative charge of +2, low penetration ability, high ionising ability |
| Beta nuclear radiation: | ß, particle, relative mass of 1/2000, relative charge of -1, medium penetration ability, medium ionising ability |
| Gamma nuclear radiation: | y, wave, relative mass of 0, relative charge of 0, high penetration ability, low ionising ability |
| Define radioactive decay | The process where an unstable parent nucleus transmutes into a daughter nucleus by emitting nuclear radiation. |
| Alpha decay | occurs in radioisotopes with too many protons and neutrons. 4/2ɑ mass no. increases by 4 atomic number decreases by 2 |
| Beta decay | occurs in radioisotopes when there are too many neutrons in the nucleus. 0/-1ß mass no. stays same atomic no. increases by 1 |
| Gamma decay | |
| Define energy | the ability to do work (measured in joules - J) Can be stored or transferred from place to place or object to object in different ways (energy moves/transfers by radiating) |
| Gravitational energy | EP |
| Chemical energy | ECP |
| Nuclear energy | EN |
| Elastic energy | EEP |
| Electrical energy | EE |
| Kinetic energy | EK |
| Sound energy | ES |
| Heat/thermal energy | Q |
| Light/radiant energy | EL |
| Define Potential Energy | stored energy that can be released to do work |
| Define Kinetic energy | energy an object has due to its movement |
Created by:
s113462
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