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GT Test
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Caravel | A small, fast Portuguese ship designed for long-distance ocean travel. |
| Lateen Sail | A triangular sail that allowed ships to navigate against the wind. |
| Astrolabe | A tool used by sailors to determine latitude based on the equator. |
| Bartolomeu Dias | The first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa (1488). |
| Nationalism | State-driven competition for resources, authority, and religious expansion. |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | The Portuguese monarch who sponsored early seafaring expeditions. |
| Vasco da Gama | The explorer who opened the sea route from Europe to India in 1498. |
| Columbian Exchange | The global transfer of crops, animals, people, and diseases after 1492. |
| Asante Kingdom | A West African empire that grew through maritime trade participation. |
| British East India Company | A joint-stock company that expanded British control over India. |
| Dutch East India Company | A successful joint-stock company acting as a middleman in Asian trade. |
| Kingdom of Kongo | A West African state weakened by the depopulation of the slave trade. |
| Chattel Slavery | A system where enslaved people are treated as personal property. |
| Coercive Labor System | Any forced labor arrangement, including the encomienda or mita. |
| Encomienda System | A Spanish system where natives worked for landowners in exchange for basics. |
| Hacienda System | Large Spanish agricultural estates utilizing coerced labor. |
| Indentured Servitude | A labor contract for a fixed period in exchange for passage to the Americas. |
| Mita System | A forced labor draft for dangerous work in Spanish silver mines. |
| Middle Passage | The lethal Atlantic leg of the slave trade transporting Africans. |
| Plantation Economy | Large-scale cash-crop production relying on forced labor. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | A 1494 deal dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal. |
| Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | The network forcibly moving millions of Africans to the Americas. |
| Triangular Trade | A three-part Atlantic trade involving manufactured goods, slaves, and raw materials. |
| Joint-Stock Company | A business where investors share risks and profits of colonization. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory focused on accumulating gold through trade control. |
| Muslim-European Rivalry | Competition for control over Indian Ocean trade routes. |
| Vodun | A syncretic religion blending West African and Catholic beliefs. |
| Maratha Conflict | A series of wars that ended Mughal rule in India. |
| Maroon Societies | Independent settlements formed by formerly enslaved Africans. |
| Boyars | The elite class of noble landowners in Russia. |
| Casta System | A race-based social hierarchy in colonial Latin America. |
| Jewish Migrations | The movement of Jews fleeing European persecution to tolerant regions. |
| Peninsulares | Iberian-born elites at the top of the casta system. |
| Creoles | American-born elites of European ancestry. |
| Mestizos | People of mixed European and indigenous descent. |
| Mulattoes | People of mixed European and African descent. |
Created by:
Avin123