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chemistry regents #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which conclusion resulted directly from the gold foil experiment? | Atoms contain a small, dense nucleus. |
| how do you find the amount of electrons | its equal to the amount of protons |
| Which statement describes the mass of an electron? | An electron has much less mass than a proton. |
| In the wave-mechanical model of the atom, electrons are located in regions called | orbitals |
| If you get a question saying how do you tell the difference between two elements at STP which one is it | density |
| when it asks whats a chemical property of an element what do you look for | always something with a chemical reaction which oxygen basically reacting |
| Which phrase describes two or more elements chemically combined? | a compound with a fixed proportion of elements |
| whats empirical formula | its a formula that cant be simplified |
| What are the two main categories of compounds? | Ionic compounds and molecular (covalent) compounds. |
| What type of elements form ionic compounds? | A metal and a nonmetal. |
| What type of elements form covalent compounds? | nonmetal + nonmetal |
| Which common diatomic element has a multiple bond | Oxygen (O₂) has a double bond. |
| Which common diatomic element has a triple bond | N₂ → triple bond |
| Which changes in charge and radius occur when an atom gains one electron? | A negative ion forms with a radius larger than the atom |
| what to do when it asks Which compound has both ionic and covalent bonds? | look for one with 3 elements |
| What to do when it asks Which substance cannot be broken down by a chemical change? | look for an element |
| According to the kinetic molecular theory, the particles of an ideal gas have | random, constant, straight-line motion |
| In order for a chemical reaction to occur, colliding particles must have proper orientation and proper | energy |
| what to do when it asks: At STP, which sample of gas has the same number of atoms as 4.0 liters of Ne gas? | look for the one with the same volume |
| Which expression represents the heat of reaction for a chemical change in terms of potential energy, PE? | PE of products - PE of reactants |
| Which phrase describes how a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction? | provides an alternate reaction pathway |
| Systems in nature tend to undergo changes that result in | lower energy and greater disorder |
| What phase has the greatest entropy? | GAS |
| How does temperature affect entropy? | Higher temperature → higher entropy. |
| Which statement describes a substance that is an electrolyte | When the substance dissolves in water, the solution can conduct an electric current. |
| The energy released by nuclear fusion in the Sun results from the conversion of | matter to energy |
| more ions= | lower freezing point |
| what makes a reaction occur quicker | more concentratio. and higher tmeperature |
| What is physical equilibrium? | when it changes phases |
| Why is a sealed container important for equilibrium? | It prevents substances from escaping, allowing dynamic balance to form. |
| when it asks at what time is the system at equilibrium | its after both lines are strait |
| is heat a reactant or product | reactant if endothermic product of exothermic |
| when changing ph like from 4 to 7 what is it | 1000 every 0 is a number |
| whats entropy | Entropy = how spread out or disorganized particles are. |
| Which sequence of historic developments led to the modern model of the atom? | hard sphere, mostly empty space, electrons in shells outside a nucleus |
| When an electron in an atom returns from a higher energy state to a lower energy state | a specific amount of energy is emitted |
| The atomic mass of chlorine is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the | naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine |
| Which term represents a property used to determine the degree of polarity in the bond between two atoms? | electronegativity |
| type of energy | electromagnetic |
| What is heat of reaction? | energy absorbed or released during a chemical reaction. |
| What is heat of fusion? | Energy needed to change a substance between solid and liquid. |
| What is heat of vaporization? | Energy needed to change a substance between liquid and gas. |
| What is heat capacity? | The amount of heat needed to raise an object's temperature by 1°C. |
| Which term represents the energy absorbed or released during a chemical change? | heat of reaction |
| An Arrhenius base yields which negative ions in an aqueous solution? | hydroxide ions |
| whats a common type of Arrhenius base | NaOh |
| Nuclear fission reactions result in the net conversion of | mass to energy |
| when it asks like what thing proton or netron whould be in the middle of the plates whats the answer | well its the one its curving to it will attacth to |
| fission what happens | uranium hit by a neutron |
| covalent bonds valence electrons do what | Valence electrons are shared in the bonds. |
| if it asks in charge distribution y its polor | uneven charge distribution |
| electrodes move from the | anode or oxidation to cathode or reduction |
| when its aqueous and asks why its a good cunducter uts because | moble ions |
Created by:
Fernando.Quezada