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Into to IT
Intro to IT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of information technology? | It is the technology used to create, maintain, and make information accessible. |
| Which IT position has the responsibility of working with routers and switches? | Network Administrator |
| In which generation were silicon chips first used in computers? | Third generation |
| Which low-level language corresponds one to one with assembly? | Machine language |
| What allows an organization to use software through the internet? | SaaS or Software as a Service |
| What is one of IT's roles in globalization? | It allows companies to reach a wider customer base. |
| Which category of computer has an external flat screen monitor, optical disk drive, and a large capacity hard drive? | Desktop |
| Which two software application packages would be classified as productivity software? | Spreadsheet program and word processor |
| Which two computer peripherals are connected to the computer through a port? | External microphone and USB flash drive |
| Which term is defined as a collection of information used to support management of an organization? | Information system |
| A website logs the timestamp, location, and browser of every visitor. What is the timestamp considered in this scenario? | Data |
| A department manager wants to know whether data will be available when needed. Which characteristic of valuable data is being considered? | Reliable |
| Which two are parts of an information system? | Databases and networks |
| What is the difference between processing and storage? | Processing involves temporary information, while storage involves permanent information. |
| What type of information processing allows input data to be accepted as a set of records and processed as a unit? | Batch processing |
| What is the role of the systems administrator? | To install and maintain network resources. |
| Which action would help a business meet the goal of increased expansion? | Expanding the infrastructure to support additional locations. |
| What step should be taken when a third-party solution is found that will benefit a project? | Contact the group to arrange a demo of their product. |
| Which risk assessment question is part of the initiation phase? | Could the end users reject the outcome of the project? |
| In what phase of a project does time estimation occur? | Planning |
| What effect does scope creep have on a project? | It increases unplanned costs for the project. |
| Which system requirement is an example of considering user needs in design? | Allowing easy access to customer account information. |
| Which type of systems testing includes having the customer test the system in an operational setting? | User Acceptance |
| Which type of systems conversion involves starting the conversion with a portion of end users? | Pilot |
| What are two necessary elements of business continuity planning? | Identifying risks that may occur; Assessing key organizational activities |
| Which disaster recovery strategy is used to save information to multiple hard drives at the same time? | Data mirroring |
| Which action would support confidentiality? | Updating security software. |
| Which regulation governs company actions when data records are compromised, lost, or stolen? | Security Breach Notification laws |
| How can an organization assist employees with the ethical use of information technology? | By developing policies for information usage. |
| What is part of the role of an IT professional association? | Provides professional standards for ethical behavior. |
| What is outside the role of an IT professional association? | Writes laws dealing with information technology |
| Which benefit is provided by a computer network in a business? | Costs for hardware resources are decreased. |
| What software emulator permits use of multiple computers and platforms without buying multiple computers? | Virtual machines |
| What network type has each computer roughly equal to every other computer? | Peer-to-peer |
| What network model has one computer request information from another computer? | Client-server |
| What allows the user to control software and access hardware through software? | The operating system |
| Which action by application programs requires support from an operating system? | An internet browser displays a web page. |
| What is true about the Linux operating system? | Linux runs on both servers and workstations. |
| Which characteristic identifies cloud-based application software? | Provided by third-party providers |
| What type of software permits free temporary use followed by paid activation? | Shareware |
| What is the purpose of the End User License Agreement for commercial software? | Establishes the customer's right to use the software. |
| What is the difference between proprietary and open-source software licenses? | Proprietary software has a cost whereas open-source software is free. |
| Which two components are parts of a central processing unit? | Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) |
| An employee needs to edit a contract and prepare a hard copy. Which peripherals should be used? | Printer and monitor |
| Which motherboard component helps cool the CPU? | Heat sink |
| Which item is a storage device? | Flash drive |
| In which type of network topology is each device directly connected to every other device? | Mesh |
| Which communication medium is typically used over very long distances? | Radio signals |
| What indicates a specific internet location? | IP address |
| What translates human-readable aliases into IP addresses? | Domain Name System (DNS) |
| Which part of a URL identifies the location of the document on the server? | Resource path ID |
| Which goal of Information Assurance requires information to be accessible when needed? | Availability |
| Which technique uses all possible combinations of letters and numbers to crack a password? | Brute force |
| Which is a characteristic of high-level languages? | Language translator programs are required. |
| How does a compiler work? | It requires the components of the software to be defined from the onset. |
| On which tier of the n-tier architecture model are user interfaces developed? | Presentation |
| Which component facilitates communication between the other two components in MVC architecture? | Controller |
| What is the difference between compiled and interpreted languages? | A compiler translates an entire program into executable code, while an interpreter translates incrementally. |
| Which two languages have traditionally been used for automation rather than software development? | TCL and Python |
| What is true of databases and applications that interact with them? | Applications are interdependent with the database. |
| What is another term for a formula that outlines how to execute a task? | Algorithm |
| What is the role of drivers in communication between applications and databases? | They allow ODBC to be used for interactions with databases and applications. |
| Which SQL clause identifies the table to be queried? | FROM |
| Which data type represents alphanumeric product order codes? | String data |
| Why is it important to ensure data supports business goals? | To aid in making strategic decisions. |
| In which category of the DIKW hierarchy would business intelligence be located? | Knowledge |
| Which field must contain a unique value in a relational database table? | Primary key |
| What are the three main categories of databases? | Flat file, relational, and hierarchical |
| What is the database administrator's role in security? | To institute protocols to protect databases from external threats. |
| What single-chip processor was developed in 1974 by IBM? | Microprocessor |
| How has the number of transistors on a chip increased over time? | By orders of magnitude rather than linearly |
| What observation states that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every year? | Moore's law |
| How long has Moore's law continued? | From 1965 to the present |
| Is Moore's law an observation or physical law? | Observation |
| What performs the fetch-execute cycle in an overlapped fashion? | Pipelined CPU |
| What programming language is a lengthy list of 1s and 0s? | Machine language |
| What translated assembly programs into machine language? | Assemblers |
| What language consists of English words and mathematical notation? | High-level language |
| What was the operating system called in the early 1960s? | Resident monitor |
| Which statement transferred control anywhere in a program? | GOTO |
| What does the GOTO statement create? | Spaghetti code |
| What replaced GOTO statements with while loops and if-else statements? | Structured programming |
| What is a stand-alone entity programmed to handle methods and messages? | Object |
| What is the main difference between compiled and interpreted languages? | An interpreted language runs inside an interpreter environment. |
| When a programmer enters a command, what converts it to machine language and executes it? | The interpreter |
| Perl, PHP, Ruby, Python, and ASP are what type of languages? | Scripting languages |
| What relies on a session and executes code as it is written? | Interpreter |
| What requires all software components to be defined from the onset? | Compiler |
| Which generation used vacuum tubes? | First generation |
| Which generation began using transistors? | Second generation |
| Which generation introduced silicon chips? | Third generation |
| What type of computer still uses silicon chips? | Tablet |
| Which generation introduced operating systems? | Third generation |
| What do integrated circuits need to function? | Silicon chip |
| What location beacon uses Bluetooth technology? | iBeacons |
| What refers to the many devices connected to the internet? | Internet of Things (IoT) |
| What does RFID stand for? | Radio Frequency Identification Device |
| What refers to data sets too large for traditional processing tools? | Big data |
| What cloud service provides software access through the internet? | SaaS |
| What cloud service enables developers to build applications in the same environment? | PaaS |
| What cloud service provides servers and storage resources over the internet? | IaaS |
| What are benefits of cloud computing? | Reduced costs; Increased speed of development; Scalability; Less reliance on internal IT expertise |
| What are risks of cloud computing? | Dependence on third-party vendors; Effects on IT employees; Data ownership concerns; Security breaches |
| What are the main components of a computer? | CPU; Memory; I/O system; Bus |
| What does IPOS stand for? | Input, Process, Output, Storage |
| What includes peripheral devices for input, output, storage, and networking? | I/O subsystem |
| What consists of long-term storage devices? | Disk drives and tapes |
| What device permits information movement between components? | Bus |
| What is also known as the chassis or cabinet? | Computer case |
| What enables communication among electronic components? | The bus |
| What printed circuit board houses the CPU and memory chips? | Motherboard |
| What is also referred to as "the chip"? | CPU |
| What retrieves instructions and manages transmission to the ALU? | Control Unit |
| What performs mathematical calculations and logical operations? | Arithmetic Logic Unit |
| What controls instruction processing speed? | System clock |
| What unit identifies clock speed? | GHz |
| What does BIOS stand for? | Basic Input Output System |
| What basic operating system runs when a computer starts? | BIOS ROM |
| What temporarily stores data before processing? | RAM |
| What type of memory disappears when power is lost? | RAM |
| What houses CDs and DVDs? | Bays |
| What can insert modem cards and wireless cards? | Slots |
| What connect additional devices to a computer? | Ports |
| Which computer has the least performance capability? | Handheld |
| Which computer has mid-level performance capability? | Laptop |
| Which computer has the most performance capability? | Desktop |
| What software consists of programs end users run to accomplish tasks? | Application software |
| What software includes word processors and spreadsheets? | Productivity software |
| What software is specific to artists and graphic designers? | Drawing software |
| What is another term for productivity software? | Horizontal software |
| What software is specific to a discipline like music production? | Vertical software |
| What programs make up the operating system? | System software |
| What operating system pieces run constantly in the background? | Daemons or services |
| What software works with hardware to provide network services? | Server software |
| What software is stored on an individual computer? | Local application |
| What is the ability to compute anywhere at any time? | Ubiquitous computing |
| Android, ChromeOS, and iOS are operating systems for what devices? | Mobile devices |
| What dedicated computers respond to network requests? | Server |
| What loads when a computer boots and handles memory/process management? | Kernel |
| What sits between hardware and software? | Kernel |
| What provides interfaces between the OS and hardware? | Device drivers |
| What provides user access to the kernel? | Shell |
| What programs monitor and improve system performance? | System utilities |
| What account is also called root or superuser? | Administrator account |
| What is the role of a web server? | To respond to HTTP requests |
| What does HTTP stand for? | Hypertext Transfer Protocol |
| What server acts as a giant cache of web pages? | Proxy server |
| What server can block content and reject responses? | Proxy server |
| What permits database access across a network? | Database server |
| What server hosts files for upload and download? | FTP server |
| What computer stores files for many users? | File server |
| What is processed data called? | Information |
| In DIKW, what is data? | Input directly received by humans or computers. |
| In DIKW, what is information? | Data transformed into a more useful form. |
| In DIKW, what is knowledge? | Refined information where only relevant portions are used. |
| In DIKW, what is wisdom? | Having both knowledge and experience |
| Which quality data characteristic requires direct applicability to decisions? | Relevance |
| Which quality data characteristic requires timely delivery? | Timely |
| Which quality data characteristic requires completeness and no errors? | Thorough |
| Which quality data characteristic captures data once near the activity point? | Accurate |
| Which quality data characteristic reflects stable and consistent processes? | Reliable |
| What four operations does a computer perform? | Input; Processing; Output; Storage |
| What are the physical components of a computer called? | Hardware |
| What are the programs and operating information called? | Software |
| What is a collection of connected computers and resources called? | Network |
| What are the people who use the computer system called? | Users |
| What is a set of rules governing communication called? | Protocol |
| What is required for internet communication? | TCP/IP |
| What is a collection of protocols called? | TCP/IP |
| What is commercial software purchased from a vendor called? | Proprietary software |
| What is a company that markets software called? | Software house |
| What is software free from purchase but not necessarily free to use? | Freeware |
| What type of software is usually obsolete and unsupported? | Freeware |
| What software has been moved into the public domain? | Public domain software |
| What software is freely available as source code? | Open source software |
| What protects an original work but not the ideas behind it? | Copyright |
| What grants exclusive rights for the author's life plus 70 years? | Copyright |
Created by:
starfish111