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Topic 19 Review
De-Colonization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did many Southeast Asian leaders become interested in Marxism after World War I? | They believed Marxism could help end colonial rule |
| What was the main goal of Gandhi’s civil disobedience campaigns? | To peacefully resist British rule |
| Which two religious groups were most involved in tensions during India’s independence movement? | Hindus and Muslims |
| What two countries were formed when British India was partitioned in 1947? | India and Pakistan |
| Why did Jawaharlal Nehru adopt nonalignment during the Cold War? | To avoid siding with either the U.S. or USSR |
| What country gained independence from the United States in 1946? | Philippines |
| Who helped establish an independent Indonesia? | Sukarno |
| Into what two states was Vietnam divided after French rule ended? | North and South Vietnam |
| Which group carried out genocide in Cambodia during the 1970s? | Khmer Rouge |
| What is Aung San Suu Kyi best known for? | Promoting democracy in Myanmar |
| What valuable resource brought wealth and conflict to the Middle East during the Cold War? | Oil |
| What event increased international support for a Jewish homeland after World War II? | The Holocaust |
| What happened to many Palestinians after the Arab-Israeli War of 1948? | They became refugees |
| What was Pan-Arabism? | A movement to unite Arab peoples |
| Who became president of Egypt after leading a military takeover in the 1950s? | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| What triggered the Suez Crisis of 1956? | Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal |
| What territories did Israel gain after the Six-Day War in 1967? | Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and Golan Heights |
| What did Mohammad Mossadegh do in Iran in 1951? | Nationalized the oil industry |
| Who led the Iranian Revolution of 1979? | Ayatollah Khomeini |
| What terrorist organization was founded by Osama bin Laden? | al-Qaeda |
| Why did many Africans hope World War I would lead to independence? | Europeans promised self-rule in return for support |
| What was Pan-Africanism? | A movement encouraging African unity and independence |
| Why did France resist giving Algeria independence? | Algeria had large numbers of French settlers |
| What was the first British colony in Africa to gain independence? | Ghana |
| What was apartheid in South Africa? | A policy of racial segregation |
| Which South African leader spent years in prison for opposing apartheid? | Nelson Mandela |
| Why did democratic governments often struggle in post-independence Africa? | Colonial borders created ethnic tensions |
| What did many African economies rely heavily on after independence? | Exporting a single crop or resource |
| Conflict between what two groups led to genocide in Rwanda in 1994? | Hutus and Tutsis |
| How has HIV/AIDS affected many African societies? | It caused major health and social crises |
| After World War I, which country gained greater influence in Latin America? | United States |
| What type of economy did many Latin American countries depend on in the early 1900s? | Exporting raw materials and cash crops |
| Why was the Great Depression especially harmful to Latin America? | Export demand collapsed |
| What was one positive effect of the Great Depression in Latin America? | Growth of local industries |
| Which Cuban leader created a socialist state after coming to power? | Fidel Castro |
| What is privatization? | Selling government-owned businesses to private owners |
| What three countries formed NAFTA? | United States, Canada, Mexico |
| What did the CIA attempt during the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961? | To overthrow Fidel Castro |
| Which family ruled Nicaragua from 1937 to 1979? | Somoza family |
| What island group did Argentina fight Britain over in 1982? | Falkland Islands |
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