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Judicial Branch
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| crime | Any act that breaks the law and for which a punishment had been established |
| criminal law | part of the legal system that deals with crimes, or actions that are harmful or dangerous to society |
| civil law | resolving disagreements between individuals or groups, not against the state |
| common law | law that develops from judge's decisions |
| precedent | an earlier court decision that guides judges' decisions in later cases |
| appeal | the right of a convicted person to ask a higher court to review their case. |
| jurisdiction | the area of authority to hear a court case and enforce the law. |
| district courts | lower federal courts that have original jurisdiction in most cases involving federal law. |
| courts of appeals | federal courts that review decisions appealed from district courts. |
| justices | title given to judges of the supreme court. |
| judicial review | the power of the supreme court; it determines if a law passed by Congress or a presidential action goes against the constitution. |
| opinion | a written statement by the US supreme court explaining its reasoning behind a decision. |
| concurring opinion | a statement written by a supreme court justice who agrees with the majority's decision but for different reasons. |
| dissenting opinion | a statement written by a supreme court justice who disagrees with the majority's decision. |