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NSG 309 Peds
Ch 20 - Adolescents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adolescent period | Age 10-21 - Children transitions into an adult - Ongoing identity formation and increase in risk taking behaviors |
| 3 stages of Adolescence | Early: 10-13 (Preteen) Middle: 14-17 (Teen) Late: 18-21 (Young adult) |
| Tanner Staging | "Boobs vs Balls" mature first - measurement of sexual maturity/puberty development to assess growth and development Breast development Genital/pubic hair change Growth spurts |
| Health assessments for adolescents | *PRIVACY* - annual health promotion - H&P w/o presence of caregivers - head to toe (examine sequentially) - allow caregivers to ask questions - keep body covered when possible during exam |
| Physical variation in adolescents | - Underdeveloped prefrontal cortex (development in late adolescence) - Puberty onset - Growth plate closure in middle/late adolescence - More muscle development in males - Skeletal growth before muscle growth |
| Skin variation in adolescents | - Active sebaceous glands -> acne - Increase in apocrine sweat glands (pheromones, located in hairy areas) |
| Male puberty physical changes | - 10-13 (early): Tanner stage 1-2 (testicular enlargement + penile growth starts) - 14-17 (middle): Tanner stages 3-5 (growth spurt, nocturnal emissions [wet dreams], body hair/facial hair) - 18-21 (late): Tanner stage 5 (increase lean muscle mass) |
| Female puberty physical changes | - 10-13 (early): Tanner stage 1-2 (breast budding, pubic/axillary hair develops, growth spurt, menarche) |
| Menarche | Occurs around Tanner Stage 4 (within 1-3 years of breast budding) - usually occur around 12-13, however can be earlier or delayed |
| Adolescent pain assessment | - Numerical rating scale (0-10): choose whole number only - Visual analog scale (line with 0-10): choose any point on scale - Clinically aligned pain assessment (CAPA): holistic pain assessment - Use of nonpharmacological pain methods like cognitive intervention and deep breathing - Cultural/developmental considerations are necessary |
| Physical growth (height/weight) in adolescents | Growth spurt varies by age/gender - Females: 3-3.5"/year during growth spurts - Males: 3.5-4"/year during growth spurt - Healthy BMI between 5-85th percentile - Body fat increase in female - Muscle mass increase in males |
| Psychosocial developmental theory (adolescents) | Identity vs Role Confusion (Erikson) - person is self conscious about changing body/concerned with attractiveness - stabilization of body image/identity in late adolescence |
| Cognitive developmental theory (adolescents) | Formal operational stage (Piaget) - Abstract thinking and logical reasoning develops - Egocentric in early/middle adolescence (views world from only one's perspective) |
| Moral development (adolescents) | Postconventional stage - laws and rules are not absolute and exist to maintain fairness/equality for all (Legality vs Morality) - Establishment of own set of morals (may be different from familial morals) - see world from differing POVs |
| Gross Motor Development in Adolescents | - Improvement of speed, coordination and endurance - Focus on skill/muscle development - Narrows focus of interests and extracurricular activities |
| Fine Motor Development in Adolescents | Improvement of dexterity and hand-eye coordination - development of advanced fine motor skills |
| Communications/Speech in adolescents | - Increase in vocabulary/language complexity - Abstract thoughts improve - Slang/text speak - Achieve adult level of language by end of adolescence |
| Social/Emotional development in Adolescents | - separation from caregivers (independence) -> peers are more important - body/self esteem issues affected by relationships - romantic relationships + gender identity/sexual orientation develops - body image influenced by development of secondary sex characteristics (ie. breast or facial hair) - Self concept and body image closely related |
| Safety considerations for adolescents | - Motor vehicle safety (seatbelt/phone/speeding) - Fire safety - Sun safety (sunscreen/hat use) |
| Risk reduction for adolescents | - Pregnancy/STD precautions + resources - HPV vaccinations - Open mindedness/open conversations + nonjudgemental - Substance use education - substance use cause cognitive task deficits - vaping/tobacco use |
Created by:
sleepingbear