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Motivation E5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| holism | "top-down" master motives such as the self and its striving towards fulfillment |
| humanism | discovering human potential and encouraging its development |
| positive psychology | proactive building of personal strengths and competencies; more individualized than the first two |
| self-actualization | an even-fuller realization of one's talents, capacities, and potentialities |
| actualizing tendency | innate, continual presence quietly guiding the individual toward genetically determined potentials |
| actualization tendency | organism has one basic tendency and striving to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing self |
| organismic valuing process | capability for judging whether a specific experience promotes growth |
| conditions of worth | learning the criteria in which our characteristics are judged by others |
| acquired conditions of worth | internalization of other's conditions of worth |
| autonomy causality orientation | relies on internal guides; relates to intrinsic motivation and is growth seeking |
| control causality orientation | relies on external guides; relates to external regulation and is validation seeking |
| humanist theories of evil | (1) evil is not inherent, it arises out of experiences (2) both benevolence and malevolence are inherent in everyone |
| positive psychology | seeks to build people's strengths and competencies; what could be? what makes a good life? is it possible for people to become happy? |
| characteristics of happiness | feeling of satisfaction, more positive emotions than negative emotions, comes from doing things not having things, beneficial to effective life functioning |
| eudaimonic well-being | seek out challenges, exerting effort, being fully engaged, experiencing flow, and self realization |
| optimism | positive attitude |
| meaning | purpose and significance |
| positivity | broaden our thoughts and build resources |
| mindfulness | relaxed attention; being present |
| resilience | capacity to bounce back from adversity |
| hope | conceptualize and set a goal; strategy to attain goal |
| criticisms of humanistic theories | unscientific concepts, unknown origins of inner guides, only emphasizes one part of human nature |
| 4 happiness exercises | gratitude visit, you at your best, three good things in life, identify signature strengths |
| psychoanalysis | freudian unconscious |
| psychodynamic | adaptive unconscious, implicit motives, and priming |
| adaptive unconscious | automatic, muscle memory |
| conscious mind | controlled, analytical, rational |
| implicit | means unconscious; social needs that operate unconsciously and you cannot self report |
| explicit | means conscious; social needs operate consciously and you can self report |
| implicit motives | enduring, non-conscious needs; achievement, intimacy, and power; motivate behavior toward the attainment of those of specific social incentives |
| achievement | show personal competency |
| intimacy | experience comfort and interpersonal security |
| power | having an impact on others |
| reactive | lie dormant within us until until we encounter a potentially need-satisfying incentive that activates a particular pattern of emotionality |
| anticipatory | we learn particular moments give opportunities for growth in motives; we gravitate towards ones that satisfy our needs |
| priming | procedure that evokes an implicit response from an individual upon exposure to a stimulus that is outside one's unconscious awareness |
| repression | process of forgetting information or an experience by ways that are unconscious |
| suppression | removing a thought from attention by ways that are conscious; can lead to repression |
| terror management theory | the knowledge, awareness, and foresight that ultimately life will end leading to terror that needs to be managed; leads to either belief of an afterlife or commitment to a cultural worldview |
| ego development and motivational importance | ego defense and ego offense |
| ego defense | defends against anxiety; reactive |
| ego offense | empowers the person to interact more effectively and more proactively with its surroundings; proactive |
| object relations theory | the quality of one's mental representation of relationships which can be characterized by 3 dimensions: unconscious, capacity, mutuality; focused on intimacy |
| intervention | a step-by-step plan of action to alter an existing condition; to promote outcomes that people care deeply about |
| application principles | an empirically validated theory, be able to predict the rise and fall of emotional states, find workable solutions to real world problems |
| daily gratitude | keep track of gratitude; protects from negative feelings |
| meaning in life | reframe daily life; increased feeling of flourishing and meaning |
| resilience intervention | remain healthy in the face of adversity; CAN be learned |
| belongingness | essay written to first year students; increased feelings of belongingness |
| goal setting | taught how to set goals to pursue effective goals; better grades |
| cultivating compassion | engage with exercises that cultivate compassion; higher compassion and less worry |
| promoting emotional knowledge | deliver an emotion course; produced more knowledge about emotions |
| supporting psychological need satisfaction | produces autonomy support |
| sustainable happiness | express optimism; increase in happiness and life satisfaction |
| denial | ignoring a reality that is not feeling good; very immature |
| projection | assigning a negative feeling to someone else; not your fault |
| displacement | releasing anxiety on a substitute object when actual source is too powerful |
| identification | ID as someone else who is successful in your eyes |
| rationalization | justify an unacceptable thought by selecting a logical reasoning |
| anticipation | forecasting future danger in small steps to cope with danger gradually |
| humor | not take oneself too seriously by accepting a shortcoming |
| sublimation | transforming something socially unacceptable into a socially acceptable source of energy; most mature and very effective |
| unconscious tone | good or bad |
| capacity for emotional involvement | exploit or inveset |
| mutuality of autonomy with others | maturity |
| achievement need | desire to do well relative to a standard of excellence |
| standard of excellence | any change to a person's sense of competence that ends with an objective outcome |
| intimacy need | attraction to close and warm relationships; relatedness in relationships |
| power need | a desire to make the physical and social world conform to one's image or plan for it |
| power conditions | leaderships and relationships, alcohol consumption, aggression, influential occupations, prestige possessions |
| priming | procedure that evokes an implicit response from an individual upon exposure to a stimulus that is outside your conscious awareness |
Created by:
zoedinius