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chem semester 2 exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are intermolecular forces? | Forces that occur between different molecules. |
| What are intramolecular forces? | Forces that occur within a molecule |
| What is an ionic bond? | A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| What is a metallic bond? | A bond formed by the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons. |
| What is a covalent bond? | A bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms. |
| What is the correct name for NiO? | Nickel (II) oxide. |
| What is the most ionic compound among given options? | The compound with the highest melting point is typically the most ionic. |
| What is the most likely covalent compound? | The compound with the lowest melting point is typically covalent. |
| What is the relationship between ionic character and electronegativity? | Greater differences in electronegativity typically indicate greater ionic character. |
| What are cations? | Positively charged ions that typically result from the loss of electrons. |
| What are anions? | Negatively charged ions that typically result from the gain of electrons. |
| What is the most dominant intermolecular force in water? | Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the high surface tension of water. |
| What does VSEPR theory state? | It states that electron pairs want to be as far apart as possible due to repulsion. |
| What is viscosity? | The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow |
| What is a precipitate? | A solid produced from two aqueous solutions in a chemical reaction. |
| What does (aq) represent in a chemical equation? | It indicates that a substance is dissolved in water. |
| What is the molecular shape of CH4? | The molecular shape of CH4 is tetrahedral. |
| What is the molecular shape for a molecule with three bonding pairs and one lone pair? | The molecular shape is trigonal pyramidal. |
| What is the strongest intermolecular force? | Hydrogen bonds are stronger than dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces. |
| What is the weakest intermolecular force? | London dispersion forces are the weakest type of intermolecular force. |
| What type of bond is not considered intramolecular? | Intermolecular bonds such as hydrogen bonds are not intramolecular. |
| What is the molecular shape for an element with 2 electron domains? | The molecular shape is linear. |
| What is the evidence of a chemical change? | A reaction that produces gas |
| What type of reaction is HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)? | It is a double replacement reaction. |
| What is a double replacement reaction? | A chemical reaction where two compounds exchange ions or bonds to form two new compounds. |
| What is combustion? | A chemical reaction that typically involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen |
| What is an endothermic reaction? | A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings |
| What does it mean for a reaction to be in equilibrium? | The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal |
| What is evidence of a chemical reaction? | Indicators such as the formation of a precipitate |
| What is true about chemical equilibrium? | At equilibrium |
| What is Le Chatelier's principle? | A principle stating that if an external change is applied to a system at equilibrium |
| What is a synthesis reaction? | A type of reaction where two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. |
| What is molar mass? | The mass of one mole of a substance |
| What is the theoretical yield? | The maximum amount of product that could be formed from a given amount of reactants |
| What is actual yield? | The amount of product that is actually produced in a chemical reaction |
| What is percent yield? | The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield |
| What is Avogadro's number? | The number of particles (atoms |
| What is a limiting reactant? | The reactant that is completely consumed first in a reaction |
| What is an excess reactant? | The reactant that remains after a chemical reaction has completed |
| What is the difference between empirical and molecular formulas? | The empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms |
| What is surface tension? | The resistance of a liquid's surface to being broken |
| What is the kinetic-molecular theory? | A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant motion |
| What is capillary action? | The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces |
| What is diffusion? | The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. |
| What is a crystalline solid? | A solid material whose constituents are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure |
| What is an amorphous solid? | A solid that lacks a well-defined structure or long-range order |
| What is fluidity? | The ability of a substance to flow; liquids and gases are considered fluids. |
| What is compressibility? | The ability of a substance to decrease in volume under pressure |
| What is the state of matter with a definite shape and volume? | Solid state. |
| What is the state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape? | Liquid state. |
| What is the state of matter with neither a definite shape nor a definite volume? | Gaseous state. |
| What are metallic bonds? | Bonds found in metals where electrons are delocalized and not associated with any single atom. |
| What is a cation? | A positively charged ion that has lost one or more electrons. |
| What is an anion? | A negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons. |
| What is VSEPR theory? | A theory that predicts the shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs. |
| What are London dispersion forces? | Weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules. |
| What are dipole-dipole interactions? | Attractions between permanent dipoles in polar molecules. |
| What are hydrogen bonds? | Strong intermolecular forces that occur between molecules containing hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms like F |
| What is an empirical formula? | A formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound. |
| What is a molecular formula? | A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. |
| What is a mole? | A unit used to quantify the amount of substance |
| What is an exothermic reaction? | A reaction that releases energy to its surroundings. |
| What is chemical equilibrium? | A state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. |
| What is the significance of molecular weight? | It is used to calculate the number of moles in a given mass of a substance. |
Created by:
karlala
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