Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Drugs nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetylcholine (ACh) | A neurotransmitter released in the brain that stimulates nerve endings. |
| anxiety | A physiological state consisting of fear, apprehension, or worry. |
| Bell’s palsy | Paralysis of the facial nerve on one side, causing impaired function of the eye, mouth, muscle tone, and other components. |
| corpus callosum | A structure in the longitudinal fissure of the brain that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. |
| headache | Pain in any region of the head, ranging from a dull ache to sharp, throbbing pain. Also called cephalagia. |
| homeostasis | The body’s ability to maintain stability and constancy. |
| hyperpyrexia | Extremely high temperature, which is considered a medical emergency. |
| hypnosis | A trance-like state resembling sleep that is induced by the suggestions of one person upon another who accepts them as effective. |
| hypnotic | A drug that induces sleep; often used to treat insomnia and in surgical anesthesia. |
| multiple sclerosis | A disease caused by progressive demyelination of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. |
| myelin | A layer of phospholipids that surrounds the axons of many neurons; it acts as an insulator to electrical impulses. |
| neurohormone | A type of hormone secreted by neuroendocrine cells that aids in stimulation of body functions. |
| neuron | Basic cell of the nervous system; carries nerve impulses. |
| opiates | Narcotic alkaloids found in opium. |
| opioids | Chemical substances that have morphine-like action in the body; commonly used for pain relief. |
| sedation | The use of a sedative agent to reduce excitement, nervousness, or irritation, commonly prior to a medical procedure. |
| sedatives | Substances that suppress the central nervous system and induce calmness, relaxation, drowsiness, or sleep. |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| Olfactory (I) | Sensory (special sensory: smell). Mucous membranes in the nose send information to part of the cerebral cortex, which processes it, then sends responses resulting from the information |
| Optic (II) | Sensory (special sensory: vision). The optic nerves receive images captured by the retinas. They travel through the thalamus to the visual cortex for processing |
| Oculomotor (III) | Motor (eye movements). Related muscles are involved in movement of parts of the eyes and eyelids |
| Trochlear (IV) | Motor (eye movements). Control other areas of the eyes related to eye movements |
| Trigeminal (V) | Mixed (sensory and motor, to face). Located in the brainstem, providing sensations to the scalp, face, eyes, nasal mucous membranes, and mouth; also responsible for sensations in the skin and muscles of the jaw |
| Abducens (VI) | Motor (eye movements). Provides even more control of eye movements |
| Facial (VII) | Mixed (sensory and motor, to face). Involved in taste sensation at the front of the tongue. Connected to face and head muscles, controls facial expressions |
| Vestibulocochlear (VIII) | Sensory (special sensory: balance and equilibrium via vestibular nerve, and hearing via cochlear nerve). Connected to inner ear |
| Glossopharyngeal (IX) | Mixed (sensory and motor, to head and neck). Connected to sinuses, back of tongue, soft palate, parotid glands, and reflexive control of the heart; also involved in swallowing |
| Vagus (X) | Mixed. Extends from brainstem through the neck to reach final locations. Involved in swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, speaking, and digestion. Connected to nerves that receive messages from the ears, pharynx, chest, esophagus, and abdominal areas |
| Accessory (XI) | Motor. There are two divisions. Cranial branch controls pharynx, larynx, and palate muscles, helping in swallowing and digestive tract movements. Spinal branch assists in muscle movements of the head, neck, and upper shoulders |
| Hypoglossal (XII) | Motor (controls the movements of the muscles of the tongue) |
| Methadone | risks, including serious arrhythmias that include Torsades de pointes, which is a ventricular tachycardia that can lead to sudden death. |
| interferon beta-1a | trade names Avonex® and Rebif® |
| sumatriptan succinate (Imitrex®) has been used. | on onset of migraine |
| stroke | the arterial blockage of blood to the brain, or it may involve an actual hemorrhage, which is known as a hemorrhagic stroke |
| Epilepsy | chronic brain disorder in which sudden and abnormally intense electrical activity results in seizures |
| Absence (petit mal) | Level of consciousness is changed briefly; there is eye blinking or rolling, a blank stare, and slight movements of the mouth. It takes about 10 seconds, and it is seen more in children |
| Tonic-clonic (grand mal) | Usually begins with a loud cry due to air that rushes from the lungs through the vocal cords; the patient falls, losing consciousness; the body stiffens and then experiences spasms and relaxations |
| Akinetic | More common in children: there is an overall loss of postural tone, and temporary loss of consciousness; also called a drop attack |
| Myoclonic | Clinically described as bilateral massive epileptic myoclonus; involves brief and involuntary muscular jerks of the body or extremities |
| Status epilepticus | Continuous seizures; may be related to all other forms, and accompanied by loss of consciousness with respiratory distress—may be life-threatening; can be due to an abrupt withdrawal of anticonvulsants, encephalopathy, head trauma, or septicemia |
| Complex partial | an aura occurs immediately before the seizure—nausea, pungent smells, dream-like sensations, unusual tastes, or visual disturbances; behavioral changes include “picking” at clothing, glassy stare, wandering, unintelligible speech, lip-smacking, |
| Simple partial motor | Jerking or stiffening in one extremity, followed by tingling sensations in the same area; consciousness usually retained, but seizure may progress to a generalized seizure |
| Simple partial sensory | Involves hallucinations and other perceptual distortions |
| Anticonvulsants for epilepsy | phenytoin (Dilantin®), carbamazepine (Tegretol®), primidone (Mysoline®), and valproic acid (Depakene®) |
| Antiepileptic drugs | carbamazepine Tegretol®, Tegretol XR®, ethosuximide Zarontin®, lamotrigine Lamictal®, levetiracetam Keppra, lorazepam Ativan, Oxcarbazepine Trileptal, phenobarbital Luminal, phenytoin Dilantin, tiagabine hydrochloride Gabitril, valproic acid Depakene |
| Parkinson’s disease | a slowly progressive degenerative disorder that affects motor function through the loss of extrapyramidal activity. Characteristic signs and symptoms include muscle tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and disturbances of posture and equilibrium |
| Parkinson's disease medications | levodopa (Larodopa®), carbidopa (Lodosyn®), antidepressants, and anticholinergics. Selegiline (Eldepryl®, Zelepar®) rasagiline (Azilect®), pramipexole (Mirapex®), and ropinirole (Requip®) |
| Multiple Sclerosis medications | interferon beta-1a (Avonex®, Rebif®), interferon beta-1b (Betaseron®), and glatiramer (Copaxone®). |
| Alzheimer's disease medications | donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept®). Other medications include galantamine (Reminyl®) and rivastigmine (Exelon®). |
| Alzheimer's disease | Pathologically, the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease show progressive atrophy (shrinkage) and senile plaques. |
| Schizophrenia | distortion of reality, disorganized thought patterns, social withdrawal, hallucinations, and poor judgment |
| antipsychotics | risperidone (Risperdal®) and olanzapine (Zyprexa®). Less common drugs include ziprasidone (Geodon®) and quetiapine (Seroquel®). chlorpromazine (Thorazine®), haloperidol (Haldol®), and fluphenazine (Prolixin® |
| Bipolar disorder | mental illness characterized by periods of extreme excitation or mania and deep depression. |
| Bipolar Disorder medications | trifluoperazine Stelazine, Cariprazine Vraylar, loxapine Loxitane, perphenazine Perphenazine, chlorpromazine Thorazine, thioridazine Mellaril, clozapine Clozaril, olanzapine Zyprexa, quetiapine Seroquel |
| Depression medications | duloxetine (Cymbalta®), venlafaxine (Effexor®), and desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®), as well as atypical antidepressants such as bupropion (Wellbutrin®) |
| Anxiety medications | lorazepam (Ativan®), clonazepam (Klonopin®), and alprazolam (Xanax®) |
| other Antianxiety drugs | chlordiazepoxide Librium, diazepam Valium, estazolam Prosom, lorazepam Ativan |
| Ambien | a hypnotic (sedative) used for short-term treatment of sleep disorders. It is an immediate-release tablet taken at bedtime that helps the user to fall asleep more easily. |
| Local Anesthetics | bupivacaine Sensorcaine, lidocaine Xylocaine, benzocaine Americaine, Procaine Novocain |
| General Anesthetics | diazepam Calium, propofol Diprivan, thiopental sodium Pentothal |
Created by:
user-2025477