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Etymology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epi- (greek) | upon, to, in addition |
| -astr-/stell- (greek, latin) | star |
| heli (greek), sol (latin) | sun |
| pyr (greek), ign (latin) | fire |
| bell (latin) | war (beautiful sometimes) |
| mart (latin) | war |
| techn (greek), art (latin) | art, skill |
| merc (latin) | exchange, trade |
| phan (greek) | show, appear |
| nomy (greek) | laws, knowledge |
| ar (latin) | adj, pertaining to |
| ose (latin) | full of |
| ize (greek) | verbal suffix |
| oid (greek) | like |
| etiological myth | explains causes and origins of natural phenomenon, cultural practice, geographic feature, or proper name. |
| charter myth | explains rituals, norms, status quo |
| cultural myth | shapes a society's view, culture |
| psychological myth | belief about human mind, oftentimes false. |
| Hades / Pluto | God of the Underworld, God of Wealth. Symbols: helmet, bident [two pronged spear], chariot. |
| Persephone | daughter of Demeter, taken to the Underworld by Hades. |
| Styx | a river, separating buried from unburied, Charon the ferryman |
| Charon | Ferryman of the underworld who brings people across the river Styx; required a coin to pass through. |
| Cerberus | 3-headed dog - tears people apart if they try to leave, guardian of the underworld |
| Lethe | river of forgetfulness, instantly erase all the memories from a past living life. |
| Elysian Fields | pleasant fields in the underworld where heroes live |
| Sisyphus | Tried to outsmart/capture death and escape it multiple times - punished in underworld by eternally pushing a boulder up a hill [ares unhappy] |
| Tantalus | Cooked his son and fed him to the gods - Demeter was distracted by her grief over Persephone and ate the shoulder; punished by standing in a pool of water and being surrounded by fruit he couldn't reach; always hungry and thirsty. |
| Ixion | Tried to assault Hera - punished by being put on a spinning wheel of fire in the underworld |
| Danaids | sisters who were forced to marry cousins - said yes and then murdered the cousins the night of the wedding - punished in underworld by having to fill eternally leaky pitchers |
| Hestia / Vesta | God of Home and Hearth; symbol: hearth fire; sometimes shawl |
| Athena / Minerva | God of Arts/Crafts, Wisdom, Symbols: armor, weapons, aegis, owl, spear/shield. |
| Parthenon | Means virgin, temple dedicated to Athena (virgin) |
| Apollo / Phoebus | God of music, bow, healing. symbols: sun, bow, laurel, dolphin, lyre sometimes |
| aegis | A goat-skin shield/garment - worn by Athena and symbol of Zeus |
| Leto | Mother of Apollo and Artemis; slept with Zeus, Hera was jealous and made it so every place on earth wouldn't allow her to birth her twins - finally found island of Delos where she gave birth |
| Delos | Delos is the sacred, floating birthplace of the twin gods Apollo and Artemis; where Leto gave birth |
| Delphi | In Greece, founded by Apollo after he fought off Python; oracle is located there |
| Python | Snakelike monster that tried to keep Leto from giving birth, Apollo avenged his mother; Apollo killed the monster when he was 4 days old; pythian games were created |
| Artemis / Diana | hunter, symbols: moon, bow, deer, dog/animals, bow & arrow |
| Ares / Mars | war, violent. symbols: chariot, armor, weapons |
| Diomedes | son of ares, defeated by heracles. |
| Aphrodite / Venus | Born from sea foam around Uranus' genitals; goddess of love; associated with cupids (fat babies/Eros); lover of Ares; goddess of love, beauty, sex, symbols are roses and doves |
| Aeneas | Son of Aphrodite; descendants found Rome; trojan war |
| Eros / Cupid | god of love/cupid, fat baby |
| Homeric hymn to Hermes | details Hermes' first day on earth |
| Hermes / Mercury | God of messengers, thieves, liars, merchants, invention. Symbol is caduceus (staff with intertwined snakes), winged sandals and hat. Psychopomp = escorts souls into afterlife. |
| Caduceus | a staff, pole/wand, 2-snakes intertwined, power to wake and sleep others to the underworld |
| Dionysus / Bacchus | wine, vine, theater, symbols: wine cup, vines, pinecones (thyrsus) |
| Semele | mortal mother; Zeus has an affair with her and she becomes pregnant with Dionysus; later exploded when Hera tricks Zeus into showing his true form; son rescued through Zeus putting him into his own thigh. |
| Pentheus | King of Thebes and cousin of Dionysus; Dionysus punishes Pentheus by infecting the minds of the women of Thebes and making them tear apart Pentheus' son and himself limb by limb because he denies the divinity of the God. |
| Maenads | Female followers of Dionysus; act drunk/intoxicated because of him |
| Thyrsus | a sacred staff carried by Dionysus. Traditionally made of a giant fennel stalk, it is wrapped in ivy vines and topped with a pinecone or grape cluster |
| Hephaestus / Vulcan | blacksmiths, metalworkers, artisans, symbols: hammer and anvil |
| review how to identify: Zeus, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera | yes |
| Kidnapping of Persephone STORY | Hades abducts Persephone to become his wife. Her mother, Demeter, searches for her, causing crops to fail. Zeus orders Persephone’s return, but because of pomegranate seeds, she must spend part of the year in Underworld. The myth explains the seasons. |
| Leto and Delos STORY | Leto becomes pregnant by Zeus, angering Hera, who forbids any land from giving Leto refuge to give birth. The floating island Delos agrees to shelter because it's not anchored to the earth; escapes Hera’s curse. Leto gives birth to Apollo and Artemis. |
| Birth of Hermes STORY | Hermes displays cleverness by inventing the lyre from a tortoise shell. He steals cattle belonging to Apollo, disguising the tracks to avoid detection. Hermes gifts Apollo the lyre. |
| Dionysus and Pentheus STORY | Pentheus, king of Thebes, refuses to recognize Dionysus as a god. Dionysus punishes Pentheus by driving the women of Thebes mad. Pentheus disguises himself, but the women mistake him for a wild animal. Pentheus is torn apart, including by his mother. |
| Gaea and Uranus STORY | Gaea (Earth) and Uranus (Sky) produce the Titans, Cyclopes, and Hundred-Handers. Cronus (son) to overthrow Uranus; separating sky from earth and beginning the rule of the Titans. |
| Titans (Helios, Oceanus, Themis) STORY | The Titans are powerful children of Gaea and Uranus who rule before the Olympian gods. Helios personifies the sun and drives the sun chariot across the sky each day. Oceanus represents the vast river. Themis embodies divine law, justice. |
| Cronus and Rhea STORY | Cronus fears a prophecy that one of his children will overthrow him, so he swallows each child born to Rhea. Rhea hides Zeus in Crete; Cronus swallows stone instead. Zeus overthrows father and leads the Olympians to victory over the Titans. |
| Zeus and Metis STORY | A prophecy warns Zeus that Metis will bear a son stronger than his father, so Zeus swallows Metis while she is pregnant. Hephaestus splits open Zeus skull. Athena emerges fully armed from Zeus’s head, symbolizing wisdom born from him. |
| Asclepius / Aesculapius | Health god; son of Apollo; Hygeia are women who are associated with him --> term hygiene, also father of Panacea, who's a god that can cure anything --> word Panacea |
| Eileithyia / Ilythia | Goddess of birth. Hera made Zeus swear that Zeus' descendant born on a certain day would rule the universe and then had Eileithyia reverse the order of birth --> delayed birth of Hercules |
| Eos / Aurora | dawn goddess; winged; often pursues young men who are mortals. Falls in love with Tithonus and asked gods to make him live forever --> ages and turns into a cricket |
| Hebe | goddess of youth; daughter of Zeus and Hera; married to Heracles |
| Helius / Sol | god of the sun; replaced by Apollo; colossus associated with him; sun god who brings chariot across the sky |
| Hypnos / Somnus | God of sleep; depicted with wings coming out of head; Morpheus is his son (god of dreams) |
| Nemesis | Goddess of retribution; mother is Nyx |
| Nike | Winged victory goddess; statues with Athena holding Nike demonstrate their close relationship |
| Pan | A god of the wild, often depicted with goatlike features; chases a river nymph, syrinx, and when she prays to the gods for safety, they transform her into reeds --> syrinx pipes |
| Eris | goddess of strife; not invited to a wedding so she throws the golden apple --> judgement of Paris |
| Iris | Rainbow goddess - rainbow = path when she's moving back and forth to send messages through dreams |
| Janus | two faced god; January is named after him |
| Ganymede | Young man; Zeus had sexual involvement with him; depictions of Ganymede being snatched by eagle; taken to Mount Olympus and became immortal cupbearer |
| Pan and Syrinx STORY | Pan falls in love with the nymph Syrinx. Syrinx prays for help near a riverbank. The river nymphs transform Syrinx into reeds just as Pan reaches her. Pan cuts the reeds and fashions them into the pan flute (or syrinx), forever associated with him. |
| Ganymede STORY | Ganymede is a beautiful Trojan prince admired by Zeus. Zeus transforms into an eagle (or sends one) to abduct Ganymede to Olympus. Ganymede becomes the cupbearer of the gods. The story symbolizes divine favor and immortality among the Olympians. |
| Io STORY | Io, a priestess loved by Zeus, is transformed into a white cow to hide her from Hera. Hera becomes suspicious and asks Zeus to give Io to her. Hera sets the hundred-eyed giant Argus to watch Io. After long wandering, Io is restored to human form. |
| Psyche STORY | Psyche is a mortal woman so beautiful; people begin worshipping her instead of Aphrodite. Her son Eros falls in love with her. Psyche breaks Eros' trust; must complete tasks. Psyche is granted immortality and reunited with Eros after completing tasks. |
| Vestal Virgins | 6 priestesses; chief task was to keep Roman hearths/fire burning; if the fire burnt out or if they lost their virginity, buried alive |
| Hephaestus + Ares story | Hephaestus was jealous of Ares' affair with Aphrodite, so he crafted an invisible net to catch them together and invited other gods to come and watch + make fun of them |
| Selene (Luna) | Carries torch so people can see her in the dark; has crescent moon headband; falls in love with Endymion and preserves him in sleep forever |
Created by:
studying11