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A&P 2
innate immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is innate immunity | nonspecific barriers to microbial entry with which a person is born |
| 1st line of defense | barriers that prevent infection (microbes getting into tissues) |
| physical barriers of the 1st line of defense | skin, mucous membranes, flushing mechanisms (coughing/sneezing, urination, tears, cilia) |
| chemical barriers of the 1st line of defense | acids in stomach and female reproductive tract, lysozyme in tears and saliva that digest bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan |
| 2nd line of defense | if microbe gets through barriers, what we have internally to prevent disease/damage |
| chemicals barriers of the 2nd line of defense | complement, interferon |
| what is a complement | - group of 25-30 blood proteins activated by antibody binding to antigen - chain reaction leading to membrane attack complex (MAC) to create pores (microbe lysis-kills cell) - stimulates release of histamine --> enhances inflammation |
| what is membrane attack complex (MAC) | the insertion of complement molecules into microbe membranes |
| what is interferon | - protein produced + released by fibroblast + WBCs invaded by virus - attaches to receptor sites on neighboring cells - causes neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins. if virus tries to enter, antiviral proteins bind virus + prevent replication |
| true or false: interferon was the first antiviral identified, and genetically engineered since 1980 | true |
| biological barriers of the 2nd line of defense | phagocytosis via nonspecific leukocytes |
| what type of leukocytes use phagocytosis | neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells |
| inflammation is part of which line of defense | 2nd line of defense |
| what chemicals do basophils and mast cells release when tissues are injured | histamines, kinins, prostaglandins |
| true or false: inflammation results in redness, swelling, edema, and pain | true |
| why does inflammation include dilation of blood vessels and increased permeability of capillaries | - dilation increases BF to area, causing redness + warmth (higher temperature reduces microbial replication) - increased permeability makes it easier for WBCs + antibodies to leak out into tissue. also allows blood proteins to leak out = edema + pain |
Created by:
katiew0