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Radiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ALARA concept | concept of radiation protection that states that all exposeres should be kept as low as reasonably achievable |
| Anode | the positive electrode in the x-ray tube. |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter |
| Bremsstrahlung radiation | braking radiation the sudden deceleration of electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei |
| Cathode | the negative electrode in the x-ray tube |
| central ray | X-rays at the center of the beam |
| Contrast | differences in degrees of blackness on an image |
| Control panel | the portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposion button. |
| Density | the overall darkness or blackness of an image |
| Dental radiography | the process of recording images of the teeth and adjacent structures by exposure to x-radiation |
| Digital imaging | a fimless method of capturing an image and displaying it but using an image receptor, and electric signal, and a computer to process and store the image. |
| Distortion | Change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical angulation |
| Dose (of radiation) | the amount of energy absorbed by tissues |
| Dosimeter | a device used to detect and measure an accumluated dosage of radiation |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle in the atom |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Extension arm | Flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tubehead |
| Genetic | effects of radiation that are passed on to future generations through genetic cells |
| Image | Film-based ot digitally produced recordings of anatomic structures |
| Image receptor | a recording medium for an image, normally film phosphor storage plate, or a digital sensor |
| Intensity | the total energy of the x-ray beam |
| Ion | an electrically charged particle |
| Ionization | process by which electrons are removed from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans |
| Ionizing | radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effectds |
| Kilovoltage peak | Highest voltage of x-ray tube and used during an exposure |
| Latent | Time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of symptoms |
| Lead apron | device used to protect the reproduction and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation |
| Magnification | The proportional enlargment of an image |
| Matter | anything at occupies space and has from or shape |
| zmillsmpere | one 1000 of an ampere, an unit ot measrment used to describe the intensity of an electrical current, |
| Penumbra | The blurred or indistinct area that surrounds an image |
| Pferonsal radiation monitoring badge | a device that measures exposure of personal to ionizing radiation by measuring the intensity of light emitted from a crystal int he detector when heated.The intensity of light emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure |
| photom | a minute bundle of pure energy that has no weight ot mass |
| primary beam | most penetration beam produced at the target on the anode |
| primary radiation | same as primary beam |
| Quality of x-ray beam | The mean energy or penetrating ability of the x ray beam |
| Quanitity of x-ray beam | the of x-rays produced in the dental unit' the quantity of x-rays produced is controlled by milliamperage |
| Radiation | forms of waves of energy emission through space of material |
| radiogrpah | image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it |
| radiology | the science or study of radiation as used in medicine |
| scatter radiation | a form of secondary radiation that occured when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter |
| secondary radiation | x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter |
| sensor | a solid state image receptor that contains a silicon chip with an electric circut |
| sharpess | a measure of how well an image |
| Somatic | Effects that cause illness and are responsible for poor health |
| Thyroid collar | A flexible lead sheild that is placed securly around the neck |
| Tubehead | The part of the x-ray unit that contains the x-ray tube, the high-voltage and low-voltage transormers, and insulating oil. |
| Tungsten target | A focal spot in the anode |
| X-radiation | High energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation |
| Beam alignment device | Assists in the positioning of the position indicator device PID |
| Bitewing | Image view that shows the crowns of both arches on one film |
| Calcium Tungstate | Common type of phosphor |
| Cassette | Contains extraoral films during exposure |
| Cephalometric Film | Shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profle |
| Charged-coupled device | A solid-state image sensor used in intraoral digital imaging |
| Digital Image | electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed o computer monitors |
| digitize | scanning traditional film-based radiographs into a digital image |
| extraoral film | film designed for use in cassettes |
| film speed | the sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation |
| Intensifying screen | the part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film |
| Intraoral film | Film designed for placement in the patients mouth |
| Latent image | the invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before processing |
| occlusal | radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible |
| Panoramic film | use in cassetts to provide a wide view of both the upper and lower jaws. |
| periapical | radiographic view that shows the crown, root tip, and surrounding structures. |
| photsphor storage plate | reusable film-sized plates coated with phospho as the image receptor |
| positioning instruments | intraoral devices used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP |
| Processing | A series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph. Steps include developing, rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying. |
| Radiograph | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it. |
| Teledentistry | Process of using electronic transfer of images and other info for consultation and/or insurance purposes in dentistry. |
| Tube slide | solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube. |
| Artifact | A blemish or unintended radiographic image that is not present in the actual structure |
| Confidentiality | Never revealing any personal info about the patient |
| Disclosre | Process of informing the patient about a procedure, for example, the procedure for taking x-rays |
| Image receptor | Recording minimum for an image-a digital senor, a phosphor storage plate PSP, or conventional dental x--ray film |
| Informed consent | Permission granted by a patient after being informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure |
| LIability | Accountability or legal reposnibilty |
| Malpractice | Professional neligenence |
| Neligence | Failure to provide a proper or reasonable level of care |
| Phosphor storage plates | reusable film-sized flexible plates coated with phosphor as the image receptor |
| Positioning devices | intraoral devices used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP |
| Quality assurance (QA) | A plan to ensure that the dental office produces consistent, high-quality images with a minimum of exposure to patients and personnel. |
| Quality control tests | Specific test used to ensure quality in dental x-ray quipment, supplies, and film processing |
| Risk management | Polices and procedures that will rescue the chagce ethat a mapractce lawsuit will be brought against the dentist. Key areas of risk management include patient informed consent, Patient records, confidentiality, LIability issues, and patient education. |
| Standard of care | Level of knowledge, skill, and care comparable with that of other dentists who are treating similar patients under similar conditions. |
| Angulation | Alignment of central ray of x-ray beam in horozontial and vertical plates. |
| Bisecting (of angle) technique | intraoral technique of exposing dental images |
| Bite wing | Type of image used for interproximal examination |
| Central ray | X-ray at center of beam |
| Contact Area | Area of mesial or distal surfaces of tooth that touched an adjacent tooth in the same arch |
| Crestal bone | Coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth |
| Developmental disability | impairment of mental or physical functioning that usually occurs before adulthood and last indefinitely |
| diagnostic quality | Reffering to images with the proper structures and necessary density,contrast, definition , and detail for diagnostic purpose |
| interproximal | between two adjacent surfaced |
| intersecting | cutting across or through |
| long axis of the tooth | imaginary line dividing the tooth longitudinally(vertically) into two equal halves |
| Occlusal technique | used to examine large area of the upper or lower jaw |
| parallel | moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance |
| paralleling technique | intraoral technique of exposing periapical and bitewing images |
| perpendicular | intersecting at or forming a right angle |
| physical disability | imparment in certain functions of the body, such as vision, hearing, or mobility |
| positioning instrument | intraoral device used to position and hold the film,sensor, or PSP |
| Right angle | Angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to eachother |
| cephalost | special device that allows the operator to easily postion both film and patient |
| Computed tomography( Toe-Mog-ruh-fee) (CT) | Radiographic technique that produces images of "slices" of one layer or section of the specific area. Also referred to as computed axial tomography(CAT scan) |
| Cone beam computed tomography | A three dimensional digital imaging method that uses a cone shaped beam of radiation that rotates around the patient |
| digital panoramic units | A filmless method of recording a panoramic image and displaying it by using an e electronic sensor and a computer to process and store the image |
| exposure control | feature that allows the operator to adjust the moliamperage and kilovoltage settings |
| extraoaral images | images taken when large areas of the skull or jaw must be examined |
| extraoarl imaging | an image of teeth and bones made by placing the film or cassest against the face of the head and projecting the x-rays from the oposite side |
| field of view | the area that can be shown when performing imaging procedures |
| focal trough | imaginary three dimensional horseshoe spahed zone used to focus panoramic radiographs |
| Frankfort plane | imaginary plane that passes throght the top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket |
| midsagittal plane | imaginary line that passes through the top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket |
| temporomandibular joint TMJ | Joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandibke |
| Three dimensional digital imaging | an image that demonstrates anatomy in the dimensions |
Created by:
danielleborrego