Question 1

Subroutines

Accepted Answer

a named sequence of instructions that can be reused in other or the same programs. They are called procedures or functions. They save time.

Question 2

Opcode

Accepted Answer

instruction

Question 3

Operand

Accepted Answer

data being acted on

Question 4

Metadata

Accepted Answer

data about data

Question 5

Variable declaration

Accepted Answer

the point at which a variable is created, In most language, the data type is declared too

Question 6

Initialised

Accepted Answer

when a variable is assigned to its first value

Question 7

name.upper() (python)

Accepted Answer

turns string to upper case

Question 8

name.lower() (python)

Accepted Answer

turns string to lower case

Question 9

name.isupper() (python)

Accepted Answer

checks if string is in uppercase

Question 10

name.islower() (python)

Accepted Answer

checks if string is in lowercase

Question 11

ord(‘A’) (python)

Accepted Answer

returns ascii value (ASC() in pseudocode)

Question 12

chr(65) (python)

Accepted Answer

returns character at that ascii value (CHR() in pseudocode)

Question 13

Intractable problems

Accepted Answer

no known efficient algorithm to solve them

Question 14

Boolean Precedence

Accepted Answer

NOT - highest priority
AND - middle priority
OR - lowest priority
This is somewhat like BODMAS

Question 15

Computational Thinking

Accepted Answer

a set of problem-solving methods that express problems and solutions in ways that a computer could execute, it can:
 - Understood 
 - Formally represented and solved

Question 16

Algorithmic Thinking Stages

Accepted Answer

1. Understood the problem
2. Formulate the problem
3. Design an algorithm
4. Implement the algorithm
5. Run the code and solve the original problem

Question 17

Induction (thinking logically)

Accepted Answer

A hypotheses (idea) is proposed based on observations
When developing for a stakeholder, existing programs will be observed

Question 18

Deduction (thinking logically)

Accepted Answer

Uses underlying rules to determine how a system should work
More for mathematical/scientific problems where known rules can be applied

Question 19

OCR ERL

Accepted Answer

pseudocde used in exams

Question 20

Variables (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Identifier = value
Global identifier = value

Question 21

Casting (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

str()
int()
float()

Question 22

Output (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

print()

Question 23

Input (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

input()

Question 24

Iteration - count controlled (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

For i = 0 to 7
    print(“Hello”)
Next i

Question 25

Iteration - condition controlled (while) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

(may never run at all)
While answer != “Computer”
    Answer = input(“”)
Endwhile

Question 26

Iteration - condition controlled (do until) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

(always runs at least once)
Do
    Answer = input(“)
Until answer == “Computer”

Question 27

Comparison operators (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

== != < > <= >=

Question 28

Arithmetic operators (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

+
-
*
/
MOD - returns remainder of division
DIV - returns whole part of division (always rounds down)
^

Question 29

Logical operators (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

AND
OR
NOT

Question 30

String handling (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Get the length: (includes whitespace)
    Stringname.length
Get a substring: (indexing starts at 0)
    stringname.substring(starting position, no. of characters)

Question 31

Subroutines (function) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Function triple(number)
    Return number * 3
Endfunction

Question 32

Subroutines (procedure) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Procedure greeting(name)
    print(“Hello” + name)
Endprocedure

Question 33

Subroutines (pass by value/reference) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Procedure name(x:byVal, y:byRef)
    X is passed by value
    Y is passed by reference

Question 34

Arrays (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Array names[3]
	Names[0] = “A”
	Names[1] = “B”
	Names[2] = “C”
Print(names[2])

Question 35

2D array (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Array board[8,8]
Board[0,0] = “Rook”

Question 36

Selection (if/else) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

If entry == “a” then
	print()
Elseif entry == “b” then
	print()
Else
	print()
Endif

Question 37

Selection (switch/case) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Switch entry:
    Case ”A”:
	print()
    Case “B”:
		print()
    Default:
		print()
Endswitch

Question 38

Files (Make x the first line of sample.txt) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

myFile = openRead(“sample.txt”)
X = myFile.readLine()
myFile.close()

Question 39

Files (End of file) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

endofFile()

Question 40

Files (Print out contents) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

myFile = openRead(“sample.txt”)
While NOT myFile.endofFile()
	print(myFile.readLine())
Endwhile
myFile.close()

Question 41

Files (Hello world is made the contents of sample.txt (any previous contents are overwritten)) (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

myFile = openwrite(“sample.txt”)
myFile.writeLine(“Hello world”)
myFile.close()

Question 42

Comments (OCR ERL)

Accepted Answer

Denoted by //
//this is a comment
Can be after some code or on a new line

Question 43

Python file handling (opens a file for reading)

Accepted Answer

f = open(“filename”, “r”)

Question 44

Python file handling (returns a line of code)

Accepted Answer

f.readline()
(add .strip() at end to get rid of return character)

Question 45

Python file handling (closes file)

Accepted Answer

f.close()

Question 46

Python file handling (to open file to ‘append/add’)

Accepted Answer

f = open(“filename”, “a”)

Question 47

Python file handling (writes a new line, and also reuters)

Accepted Answer

f.write(variable+’
’)
(
 = return button)

Question 48

Python file handling (opens a new file/overwrites an existing file (open for writing))

Accepted Answer

f = open(“filename”, “w”)

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CRITICAL POINTS