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chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q: What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment prove? | A: Atoms contain a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. |
| Q: Where are electrons found in the wave-mechanical model? | A: Orbitals. |
| Q: Which particle has almost no mass? | A: Electron. |
| Q: Atomic number equals what? | A: Number of protons. |
| Q: In a neutral atom, protons equal what? | A: Electrons. |
| Q: Mass number equals what? | A: Protons + neutrons. |
| Q: How do you find neutrons? | A: Mass number − atomic number. |
| Q: What happens to atomic radius across a period? | A: Decreases. |
| Q: What happens to electronegativity across a period? | A: Increases. |
| Q: What happens to metallic character across a period? | A: Decreases. |
| Q: Elements in the same group have similar what? | A: Chemical properties and valence electrons. |
| Q: Metals are usually what? | A: Good conductors, malleable, ductile. |
| Q: Nonmetals are usually what? | A: Poor conductors and brittle. |
| Q: Which state has the greatest entropy? | A: Gas. |
| Q: Which state has particles closest together? | A: Solid. |
| Q: Ideal gas particles move how? | A: Random constant straight-line motion. |
| Q: At the same temperature and pressure, equal gas volumes contain equal what? | A: Number of molecules. (Avogadro’s hypothesis) |
| Q: At STP, what volume does 1 mole of gas occupy? | A: 22.4 L. |
| Q: STP means what? | A: 273 K and 101.3 kPa. |
| Q: Saturated solution means what? | A: Maximum amount dissolved at that temperature. |
| Q: If you increase temperature, most solids in water do what? | A: Become more soluble. |
| Q: Unsaturated means what? | A: More solute can dissolve. |
| Q: Supersaturated means what? | A: More dissolved than normally possible. |
| Q: Exothermic reactions release or absorb heat? | A: Release heat. |
| Q: Endothermic reactions release or absorb heat? | A: Absorb heat. |
| Q: In exothermic reactions, products have higher or lower PE? | A: Lower PE. |
| Q: ΔH = ? | A: Products − reactants. |
| Q: What does a catalyst do? | A: Speeds up reaction by lowering activation energy. |
| Q: Does a catalyst get used up? | A: No. |
| Q: For reactions to occur, particles need what? | A: Proper orientation and enough energy. |
| Q: Increasing temperature does what to reaction rate? | A: Increases it. |
| Q: Increasing concentration does what? | A: Increases reaction rate. |
| Q: Increasing surface area does what? | A: Increases reaction rate. |
| Q: Acids produce what ion in water? | A: H+ |
| Q: Bases produce what ion in water? | A: OH- |
| Q: pH less than 7 means? | A: Acidic. |
| Q: pH greater than 7 means? | A: Basic. |
| Q: Neutralization reaction? | A: Acid + base → salt + water. |
| Q: Oxidation means? | A: Loss of electrons. |
| Q: Reduction means? | A: Gain of electrons. |
| Q: LEO says GER? | A: Lose Electrons Oxidation, Gain Electrons Reduction. |
| Q: Oxidation number of elemental substances? | A: 0. |
| Q: Oxidation number of Group 1 metals? | A: +1. |
| Q: Oxidation number of oxygen usually? | A: −2. |
| Q: Oxidation number of hydrogen usually? | A: +1. |
| Q: If a question asks about trends, what should you check first? | A: Periodic table/reference tables. |
| Q: If it asks about heat absorbed/released? | A: Table I. |
| Q: If it asks about solubility? | A: Table G. |
| Q: If it asks about electronegativity? | A: Table S. |
| Q: If it asks about organic formulas? | A: Table Q. |
| Q: If it asks about bonding/polarity? | A: Table H. |
Created by:
Fernando.Quezada