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Physics 6B midterm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is oscillation? | Repetitive motion caused by a restoring force. |
| What is frequency? | The number of cycles completed in a unit of time (usually 1 sec). f=1/T. Unit is seconds |
| What is period? | The time to complete one cycle of an oscillation. T= 1/f. Unit is Hertz (1/s) |
| How does one measure a full cycle of an oscillation? | When it returns to its original spot |
| What is the restoring force for a spring? | The restoring force is Fspring, aka -k*(change in x) |
| What is the restoring force for a pendulum? | The restoring force is Fgx, aka -mg(theta) |
| Where is the net force always pointing in a simple harmonic motion? | Towards the equilibrium position |
| What is Amplitude? What is it equivalent to with a spring? With a pendulum? | A = objects’s max displacement from equilibrium. For a spring, it equals delta X or y max; for a pendulum, it equals theta max (in radians) |
| If a mass is on a vertical spring, where is equilibrium? | Wherever it hangs with Fg and Fsp cancelling. Fg=Fsp at equilibrium |
| For a mass on a spring, where is KE max and highest velocity? Where is v=0? | At equilibrium they’re max. At max displacement, they’re zero |
| For a mass on a spring, where is max acceleration and max potential energy? Where is acceleration =0? | At max displacement they’re max. They’re zero at equilibrium |
| What other symbol can represent frequency? What are its equations for spring? For pendulum? | Omega. For a pendulum, = 2(pi)(f), and units are rad/s. For a spring, = (sq root of) k/m. |
| How do we represent velocity as a derivative? | Dt/dx |
| How do we solve for the height (from equilibrium) of a pendulum? | L-h=x. Make a triangle with x as a side. L-Lcos(theta) = h. |
| Describe the difference between transverse vs longitudinal waves. | Transverse is like a string, up and down. Longitudinal is horizontal like a slinky. |
| What are the components of the Vstring equation for a transverse wave? | Vstring = sq root of Ts/mu, where Ts is tension and mu is linear mass density. mu = m/L |
| What is wavelength? | The distance spanned in one cycle of wave motion. |
| What is the equation for the speed of any wave? | wavelength * frequency |
| What is the “power” of a wave? What are its units? | The rate at which energy is transferred. Power = change in E / change in T. Units are J/s |
| Does the power at wave 1 = the power at wave 2? What equation do we use to relate it to intensity? | Yes, P1=P2, so I1a1 = I2a2, where a= 4(pi)(r)^2 |
| What is intensity? | How the power is distributed over an area. I=P/a |
| What are the units for a joule? | N*m |
| Does the max speed of a pendulum depend on mass? | No, the masses cancel out |
| When looking at the equation for the Doppler effect, what do fs, vs and v stand for? | fs = frequency of source. vs = specific velocity. v= speed of sound in air |
| Where are the nodes and antinodes on a standing wave? How far apart are nodes from one another? | The nodes are the points that never move, and are 1/2 wavelength apart. The antinodes are the points at max oscillation. |
| What is the ‘mode’ of a standing wave on a string, or in an open/open column? | m = # of antinodes |
| What is the wavelength at mode m for a string, open-open, or closed-closed column? | wavelength = 2L/m |
| What is the wavelength at mode m for an open-closed column? | wavelength = 4L/m |
| What is the ‘mode’ of a standing wave for a closed/closed column? | m= # of nodes |
| What is the ‘mode’ of a standing wave for an open/closed column? | Double the length at the closed end, and count antinodes |
| Is there a node or an antinode at the closed end of a column? At the open end? | Node at the open end. Antinode at the closed end. |
| Which standing wave in a column has the lowest frequency? | Open-closed |
| For a sound wave, what is the path length difference for constructive sound waves? | change in d = m * wavelength |
| For a sound wave, what is the path length difference for destructive sound waves? | change in d = 1/2 * m * wavelength |
| What is the equation for beat frequency? (How often we hear the quiet spot in two overlapping sound waves) | Fbeat = f1-f2 |
Created by:
clownestate