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Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the endocrine system? | System of glands and tissues that release hormones |
| What are hormones controlled by? | Internal feedback systems which prevents too much of a hormone from being created. |
| In regards to the endocrine system, what does each target tissue have? | A receptor for a specific hormone. |
| Where is the pituitary gland and what does it do? | It is located at the base of the brain and works as a master gland for the endocrine system. It secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands. |
| Where is the thyroid and parathyroid? What do they do? | Located in front of the trachea. Thyroid secretes thyroxine and calcitonin and the parathyroid secretes PTH. |
| What are the adrenal glands and what do they do? | They sit on top of the kidneys. They secrete hormones involved in stress response, blood pressure regulation and metabolism. |
| Where are the gonads and what do they do? | They are located near the genitals. In women(ovaries), they secrete estrogen and progesterone. In men(testes), they secrete testosterone. |
| What is the hypothalamus's role in the endocrine system? What is it controlled by? | It serves as a link between the endocrine system and the nervous system. It's controlled by negative feedback loops to regulate hormone secretion in the body. |
| What are the two main hormone the adrenal cortex produces? | Cortisol and aldosterone. |
| What is Addison's Disease? (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency) | Damage to the adrenal cortex stops the production of cortisol and aldosterone which causes electrolytes, blood volume and blood pressure to be unregulated. |
| What is Cushing's Syndrome? | Too much circulating cortisol in the blood which can be caused by overuse of corticosteroids or adrenal/pituitary gland tumours. |
| What does Cushing's Syndrome do to the body? | This condition causes metabolic changes, loss of muscle mass and decreased bone density. |
| What can cause Addison's disease? | Infection, cancer or an autoimmune process. |
| What are the Islets of Langerhans? | Cells that secrete hormones in the pancreas. Alpha cells secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin. |
| What does the liver store glucose as? | Glycogen |
| What is glycogenolysis | Breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules. |
| What is glucogenesis | Creation of new glucose from non-glucose sources. (protein, fats) |
| What does insulin do? | Insulin is a hormone that helps cells uptake glucose from the blood and it stimulates the creation of glycogen in the liver. |
| What is diabetes mellitus? | It is an endocrine condition where the body is unable to use glucose as an energy either due to the pancreas not making enough insulin or the cells not responding to insulin. |
| Different between type 1 and type 2 diabetes? | Type 1: Pancreas does not produce insulin, typically genetic and often noticed in childhood. Type 2: Cells become resistant to naturally produced insulin. Typically happens later in life and has metabolic origins. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? | Low blood glucose level Slurred speech Tachycardia Confusion, memory loss Loss of coordination Dilated pupils Decreased LOC, seizures Pale, clammy skin, tremors |
| What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia? | High blood glucose level Rapid, deep respirations Increased thirst Warm, dry skin Restlessness Decreased LOC |
| What can hyperglycemia progress into? | Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) |
| What is polyuria? | Excessive urine production |
| Polyphagia? | Excessive hunger |
| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst |
Created by:
Levelstorm3950