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rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rocks: | Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| Texture: | the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. Grain size, grain shape, grain pattern, no visible grain |
| Mineral Composition: | : geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals. |
| Origin: | 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers from sediment 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground with heat & pressure |
| Igneous Rock | formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava. |
| Extrusive Rocks | igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface |
| Intrusive Rocks | igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Texture: | depends upon the size and shape of the crystals |
| Porphyritic texture: | large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. |
| Uses of Igneous Rocks | Used because they are hard, dense, and durable |
| Basalt: | gravel |
| Pumice | cleaning and polishing |
| Perlite: | soil mixes |
| Obsidian: | sharp tools |
| Granite: | building materials |
| Sedimentary Rocks | formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| sediment: | small solid pieces of rock or living thing |
| Changing sediments to rocks: | A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together. |
| Clastic Rock | formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together |
| Examples of clastic rocks: | shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia |
| . Organic Rocks: | formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| Examples of organic rocks | coal, and limestone |
| Organic Rocks: | : formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| Examples of organic rocks: | coal, and limestone |
| . Chemical Rocks: | when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| Uses of Sedimentary Rocks: | A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel |
| Metamorphic Rocks: | formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic |
| Grains: | the arrangement of the grains |
| Foliated: | grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| Non-foliated: | mineral grains are arranged randomly |
| Uses of Metamorphic Rocks: | A. Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards |
| Limestone changes to | marble |
| Sandstone changes to | quartzite |
| Shale changes to | slate |
| Granite changes | to gneiss |
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