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rock

TermDefinition
rock Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials. Classifying Rocks: 3 ways of classifying
texture the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. Grain size, grain shape, grain pattern, no visible grain
minerals composition geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals.
origin Sedimentary: forms in layers from sediment 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground with heat & pressure
igneous formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava.
extrusive igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface
intrusive igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface.
texture depends upon the size and shape of the crystals
porphyritic texture large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages.
uses of igneous rocks Used because they are hard, dense, and durable
Basalt gravel
pumice cleaning and polishing
perlite soil mixes
obsidian sharp tools
granite building materials
sedimentary rocks formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind;
sediment small solid pieces of rock or living things.
changing sediments to rocks A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together.
clastic rocks formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together
examples of clastic rocks shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
organic rocks formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
examples of organic rocks coal, and limestone
chemical rocks when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize
uses of sedimentary rocks A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel
metamorphic rocks formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic
grains the arrangement of the grains
foliated grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
non- foliated mineral grains are arranged randomly
uses of metamorphic rocks A. Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards
limestone changes to marble
sandstone changes to quartzite
shale changes to slate
granite changes to gneiss
The rock cycle Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust.
sub-ducting oceanic plates Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again.
colliding continental plates Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle.
Created by: user-2006717
 

 



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