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Public Health
Nutritional Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PEM stands for | Protein Energy Malnutrition |
| results when the body's needs for protein and energy are not satisfied by the diet | PEM |
| accompanied by a deficiency of several micronutrients | PEM |
| may be present at any time during the lifecycle, but it is common in the extreme ages (infancy/childhood and elderly) | PEM |
| what are the 3 manifestation of severe PEM | Marasmus Kwashiorkor Marasmic-Kwashiorkor |
| a nonedematous syndrome characterized by gradual emaciation associated with near starvation and predominant energy deficit | marasmus |
| a syndrome characterized by bipedal edema that progresses rapidly, associated with predominant protein deficiency and varying degrees of energy deficit | kwashiorkor |
| combines edema and emaciation associated with chronic energy deficency and chronic or acute protein deficit | marasmic-kwashiorkor |
| what are the 2 etiology of PEM | primary and secondary |
| a result of inadequate food intake | primary etiology of PEM |
| secondary etiology of PEM is a result of other diseases that lead to: | low food ingestion inadequate nutrient absorption or utilization increased nutritional requirement increased nutrient losses due to infection |
| what are the 3 prevention and control | food availability reducing infections education |
| foods of animal origin are the best protein sources, but may be expensive, not always available, or prohibited in certain religion | food availability |
| children fully weaned or occasionally breastfed must be given adequate amount of energy and protein | food availability |
| convince parents not to withhokd food when a child has diarrhea | food availability |
| reduce risk of infection due to the interaction between infection with nutrition | reducing infections |
| give priority to immunization, sanitary measures to reduce fecal contamination and early oral rehydratuin and feeding of children with diarrhea | reducing infections |
| target girls and women in educational and developmental programs | education |
| emphasis given on promotion of breastfeeding | education |
| VADD | Vitamin A Deficiency Disorder |
| a level of depletion of total body stores of retinol and of its active metabolites such that normal physiologic functions is impaired | VADD |
| what are the 3 consequences of VADD | VAD and child mortality VAD and measles VAD and anemia |
| irreversible blindness | VAD and child mortality |
| measles is a viral disease that infects and damges epithelial tissues | VAD and measles |
| measles plays an important role in corneal blindness | VAD and measles |
| often coexist | VAD and anemia |
| what are the 3 strategies to combat VAD | dietary diversification food fortification vit a supplementation |
| strategies to combat VAD that is most cost effective health intervention | food fortification |
| Vit A supplementation for MOTHERS: | 200,000 IU at delivery + 200,000 IU less than 6-8 weeks after delivery |
| Vit A supplementation for INFANTS: | 50,000 IU at 6,10,14 weeks + 100,000 IU 6-11 months + 200,000 IU every 6 months |
| IDA | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| defined as low hemoglobin in blood, or less often, as a low hematocrit | anemia |
| results when there is an inadequate body store of a specific nutrient needed for hemoglobin synthesis | nutritional anemia |
| most common cause: iron deficiency, vit B12, B9 deficiency | nutritional anemia |
| what are the 3 other micronutrients needed for hemoglobin synthesis | Vit A, protein, B2 |
| what are the 2 causes of anemia | inadequate absorption of dietary iron (except where it is caused by hookworm or malaria) |
| what are the sources of iron: | heme iron from meat fish and poultry non-heme iron from cereals and legumes |
| Iron supplement for PREGNANT WOMEN (2nd tri.) | 1.9mg/1000kcal |
| Iron supplement for PREGNANT WOMEN (3rd tri.) | 2.7mg/1000kcal |
| Iron supplement for INFANTS | 1.0mg/1000kcal |
| Iron supplement for ADOLESCENT (GIRLS) | 0.8mg/1000kcal |
| Iron supplement for ADOLESCENT (BOYS) | 0.6mg/1000kcal |
| Iron supplement for PSC and SC | 0.4mg/1000kcal |
| Iron supplement for MEN | 0.3mg/1000kcal |
| what are the 3 consequences of anemia | pregnancy mental and motor development work performance |
| increased the risk of maternal mortality and associated with preterm delivery and LBW | pregnancy |
| anemia impairs work performance, endurance and productivity | work performance |
| what are the 4 strategies in the control of IDA | iron supplementation in pregnancy dietary intervention iron fortifications of foods complementary parasite control strategies for anemia prevention |
| IDD stands for | Iodine Deficiency Disorder |
| adult human body contains who many mg of iodine | 15mg to 20 mg |
| how many percentage of iodine in the thyroid gland | 70% to 80% |
| what are the 2 thyroid hormone | thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3-triiodothyronine (T3) |
| it is required for normal growth and development and for the maintenance of a normal metabolic state | thyroid hormones |
| tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland | thyroid hormones |
| synthesized from thyroglobulin | thyroid hormones |
| it is an iodinated glycoprotein contained in the colloid of the thyroud follicle | thyroglobulin |
| what are the 3 key players for the thyroid | TRH TSH thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) |
| TRH stands for | thyrophin releasing hormone |
| TSH stands for | thyroid stimulating hormone |
| what are the 3 disease of thyroid | goiter hypothyroidism hyperthyrodism |
| enlargement of thyroid gland | goiter |
| other term for hypothyroidism | myxedema |
| low circulating levels of thyroid hormones | hypothyroidism |
| high circulating levels of thyroid hormones | hyperthyroidism |
| what are the 4 causes of goiter | mild iodine deficiency partial deficiency of a synthesis enzyme diminied TSH stimulating thyroiditis inflammation |
| auto-immune in thyroid | thyroiditis |
| what are the 5 thyroid dysfuntions: | creatinism congenital absence of T3 and T4 retarded growth sluggish movements mental deficiencies |
| what are the 2 interventions of thyroid disorder | universal salt iodization fortification |
| often coexist with VAD and IDA in children in developing countries | fortification |
Created by:
kateperryy