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DSM-5-TR Diagnoses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the core symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder? | Depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure for at least 2 weeks, plus symptoms such as sleep changes, guilt, low energy, poor concentration, appetite changes, psychomotor changes, or suicidal thoughts. |
| What defines Generalized Anxiety Disorder? | Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, difficult to control, with symptoms like restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, or concentration problems. |
| What is Panic Disorder? | Recurrent unexpected panic attacks plus persistent concern or behavioral changes related to future attacks. |
| What characterizes Social Anxiety Disorder? | Intense fear of social situations involving possible scrutiny or embarrassment, leading to avoidance and significant distress. |
| What is required for Bipolar 1 diagnosis? | At least one manic episode lasting at least 1 week (or requiring hospitalization), possibly with depressive episodes. |
| How does Bipolar II differ from Bipolar I? | Bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes, but no full manic episode. |
| Key symptoms of Schizophrenia. | Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms lasting at least 6 months with functional decline. |
| What defines OCD? | Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both that are time-consuming or cause impairment/distress. |
| Main features of PTSD | Exposure to trauma followed by intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative mood/cognition changes, and hyperarousal lasting over 1 month. |
| What are the two symptom domains of ADHD? | Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, beginning before age 12 and impairing functioning in multiple settings. |
| Core characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder | Persistent deficits in social communication/social interaction plus restricted or repetitive behaviors/interests. |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions with impulsivity, fear of abandonment, and possible self-harm. |
| What defines Antisocial Personality Disorder? | Pattern of disregard for and violation of others’ rights since age 15; diagnosis requires age 18+ and prior conduct disorder symptoms. |
| Main traits of Narcissistic Personality Disorder? | Grandiosity, need for admiration, entitlement, and lack of empathy. |
| What characterizes Avoidant Personality Disorder? | Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism leading to avoidance of interpersonal contact. |
| Diagnostic features of Anorexia Nervosa. | Restriction of energy intake leading to low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. |
| What defines Bulimia Nervosa? | Recurrent binge eating with compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise) occurring at least weekly for 3 months. |
| What distinguishes Binge-Eating Disorder? | Recurrent binge eating episodes without regular compensatory behaviors. |
| What are signs of Substance-Use Disorder? | Impaired control, risky use, tolerance, withdrawal, cravings, and continued use despite consequences. |
| What is Dissociative Identity Disorder? | Presence of two or more distinct personality states with memory gaps inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. |
| What characterizes Somatic Symptom Disorder? | Distressing physical symptoms plus excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms. |
| What defines Illness Anxiety Disorder? | Preoccupation with having/acquiring a serious illness despite minimal or no somatic symptoms. |
| What are features of Conduct Disorder? | Repetitive violation of societal norms or others’ rights including aggression, destruction, deceitfulness, or serious rule violations. |
| Key symptoms of ODD (oppositional defiant disorder)? | Angry/irritable mood, argumentative behavior, and vindictiveness toward authority figures. |
| What defines Delusional Disorder? | One or more persistent delusions for at least 1 month without major schizophrenia symptoms. |
| MDD: Mnemonic for SIGECAPS | Sleep changes Interest loss Guilt Energy low Concentration poor Appetite changes Psychomotor changes Suicidal ideation |
| Mania (Bipolar I): Mnemonic DIGFAST for mania | Distractibility Indiscretion/Impulsivity Grandiosity Flight of ideas Activity increase Sleep decreased need Talkative/pressured speech |
| Mnemonic WATCHERS for GAD symptoms | Worrying Anxiety Tension Concentration problems Hyperarousal Energy low Restlessness Sleep disturbance |
| Mnemonic RAVEN for PTSD symptom groups | Re-experiencing Avoidance Vigilance increased Emotions/cognition negative Numbing |
| Mnemonic OCA for OCD cycle | Obsession → Compulsion → temporary Anxiety relief |
| Mnemonic SAIL AWAY for ADHD inattentive symptoms | Sustained attention poor Attention to detail lacking Instructions not followed Loses things Avoids mental effort Wandering attention Always forgetful Yearning to move |
| Mnemonic SCRR for Autism core domains | Social deficits Communication impairment Restricted interests Repetitive behaviors |
| Mnemonic THOUGHT for positive Schizophrenia symptoms | Thought disorder Hallucinations Organization poor Unusual delusions Grossly disorganized behavior Hyperreligiosity/paranoia possible Talking disorganized |
| Which disorders are in Cluster A? | Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Mnemonic: “Weird” cluster |
| Main traits of Paranoid Personality Disorder | Distrust, suspicion, interpreting others’ motives as malicious. Mnemonic: “Everyone is against me.” |
| Features of Schizoid Personality Disorder | Detached from relationships, limited emotional expression. Mnemonic: “Prefers isolation.” |
| Features of Schizotypal Personality Disorder | Odd beliefs, eccentric behavior, magical thinking, social anxiety. Mnemonic: “Eccentric and magical.” |
| Which disorders belong to cluster B? | Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Mnemonic: “Bad” cluster |
| Core features of Antisocial Personality Disorder | Violation of others’ rights, deceit, impulsivity, lack of remorse. Mnemonic: “Rules don’t apply to me.” |
| Mnemonic " I DESPAIRR " for BPD (borderline personality disorder) | Identity disturbance Disordered affect Emptiness Suicidal behavior Paranoia/dissociation Abandonment fear Impulsivity Rage Relationship instability |
| Main traits of Histrionic Personality Disorder | Attention-seeking, emotionality, theatrical behavior. Mnemonic: “Center of attention.” |
| Core signs of Narcissistic Personality Disorder | Grandiosity, entitlement, admiration-seeking, low empathy. Mnemonic: “I’m superior.” |
| Which disorders are in Cluster C? | Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Mnemonic: “Sad” cluster |
| Features of Avoidant Personality Disorder | Social inhibition, hypersensitivity to criticism, feelings of inadequacy. Mnemonic: “Avoids rejection.” |
| Main traits of Dependent Personality Disorder | Need to be cared for, submissiveness, fear of separation. Mnemonic: “Can’t function alone.” |
| How is OCPD (obsessive-compulsive personality disorder) different from OCD? | OCPD = perfectionism and control without true obsessions/compulsions. Mnemonic: “Perfection over flexibility.” |
| Easy mnemonic for personality disorder clusters | Cluster A = Weird Cluster B = Wild Cluster C = Worried |
| Mnemonic ABHN for Cluster B disorders | Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic |
| Mnemonic ADO for Cluster C disorders | Avoidant Dependent OCPD |
| Mnemonic PSS for Cluster A disorders | Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal |
| How do you distinguish Major Depressive Disorder from Bipolar Disorder? | Bipolar disorder includes a history of mania or hypomania; MDD does not. Mnemonic: “Any mania = bipolar.” |
| Difference between mania and hypomania? | Mania: severe impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization; lasts ≥1 week Hypomania: milder, no marked impairment; lasts ≥4 days |
| Key distinction between Bipolar I and Bipolar II | Bipolar I = full mania Bipolar II = hypomania + major depression only Mnemonic: “Type I = full intensity.” |
| Difference between a Panic Attack and Panic Disorder | Panic attack = symptom episode Panic Disorder = recurrent unexpected attacks + fear/behavioral change |
| How do GAD and Panic Disorder differ? | GAD = chronic excessive worry Panic Disorder = sudden episodic panic attacks |
| How is Social Anxiety Disorder different from Avoidant Personality Disorder? | Social anxiety = fear of embarrassment in situations Avoidant PD = lifelong pervasive feelings of inadequacy and avoidance |
| OCD vs OCPD? | OCD = intrusive obsessions/compulsions, ego-dystonic OCPD = perfectionism/control, ego-syntonic Mnemonic: “OCD bothers you; OCPD feels correct.” |
| PTSD vs Acute Stress Disorder duration? | Acute Stress Disorder = 3 days to 1 month PTSD = >1 month |
| PTSD vs Adjustment Disorder | PTSD requires trauma exposure Adjustment disorder follows a stressor that may not be traumatic |
| How do DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder) and Schizophrenia differ? | DID = identity fragmentation and amnesia Schizophrenia = psychosis with hallucinations/delusions Mnemonic: “DID splits identity; schizophrenia splits reality.” |
| Duration difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder? | Schizophreniform = 1–6 months Schizophrenia = >6 months |
| Duration for Brief Psychotic Disorder? | Psychotic symptoms lasting <1 month with eventual return to baseline. |
| Delusional Disorder vs Schizophrenia | Delusional disorder involves fixed delusions without major disorganization or prominent hallucinations. |
| Key feature distinguishing Schizoaffective Disorder | Mood episodes occur for the majority of illness duration plus psychosis. Mnemonic: “Psychosis + strong mood component.” |
| Borderline Personality Disorder vs Bipolar Disorder | BPD mood shifts are rapid and triggered by relationships Bipolar episodes last days to weeks and are episodic |
| Difference between Narcissistic and Histrionic PD? | Narcissistic = superiority/grandiosity Histrionic = attention-seeking/emotional dramatics |
| Schizoid vs Avoidant PD (personality disorder)? | Schizoid = little desire for relationships Avoidant = wants relationships but fears rejection Mnemonic: “Schizoid doesn’t care; avoidant cares too much.” |
| ADHD vs Bipolar Disorder symptoms? | ADHD symptoms are chronic and lifelong Bipolar symptoms are episodic |
| ASD vs Social Anxiety Disorder? | ASD = deficits in social communication from early development Social anxiety = normal social understanding with fear of judgment |
| ADHD vs Autism Spectrum Disorder | ADHD = attention/impulsivity problems ASD = social communication deficits + restricted behaviors |
| Difference between anorexia and bulimia? | Anorexia = significantly low body weight Bulimia = usually normal weight with binge/purge behaviors |
| Bulimia vs Binge-Eating Disorder | Bulimia includes compensatory behaviors; binge-eating disorder does not. |
| Key distinction between Illness Anxiety Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder? | Illness anxiety = minimal physical symptoms Somatic symptom disorder = prominent distressing symptoms |
| How do you differentiate substance-induced psychosis from schizophrenia? | Symptoms occur during or soon after substance use/withdrawal and may resolve with abstinence. |
| Delirium vs Dementia? | Delirium = acute fluctuating confusion with impaired attention Dementia = chronic progressive cognitive decline Mnemonic: “Delirium develops quickly; dementia declines slowly.” |
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