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Stars Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Understanding the nature of black-body radiation allows astronomers to measure the ________ of a star. | temperature |
| An electron that transitions from a higher energy state to a lower energy state ___________________. | emits light |
| The coolest stars appear ________ in color. | red |
| Consider a cool gas placed in front of a hot light bulb. The observed spectrum of the light bulb will contain dark lines where some light has been absorbed by the gas. The dark lines reveal the . | chemical composition of the cool gas |
| What two properties of the Sun are responsible for producing Sunspots? | Differential Rotation & Magnetic Fields |
| Why is iron (Fe) the most stable element in the known Universe? (in other words, why does iron not undergo fusion or fission as a nuclear fuel?) | Iron has the least mass per nuclear particle |
| What event triggers a star to evolve past the main-sequence stage of its life? | The entire star runs out of hydrogen |
| This Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the locations of many of the stars in two different star clusters: "M 67" and "NGC 188". Which of these two star clusters is older? | "NGC 188" is older (It's the least spread out of the two) |
| Our solar system contains some heavy elements, such as iron, because . | earlier generations of stars in our galaxy produced heavy elements while exploding |
| A neutron star's strong gravity is caused mostly by its small size and . | large mass |
| Consider a star in a circular orbit around a supermassive black hole at the center of a distant galaxy. If the distance from the central black hole to the star is 1,000 AU and the star orbits once every 10 years, what is the mass of the black hole? | 10 million solar masses |
| Where in a galaxy would you find newly formed stars? | in the disk of a spiral galaxy |
| Consider the galaxy in this photograph. How did the galaxy get its shape? | This is the product of the dynamic merger of two spiral galaxies. |
| We know that a supermassive black hole must reside at the center of our Galaxy because ... | stars near the center of the Milky Way are orbiting some unseen object. |
| Henrietta Leavitt's work on gave astronomers like Edwin Hubble a vital tool for measuring the distances to other galaxies. | Cepheid variable stars |
| Consider this sketch of an astronomer setting up her telescope a little before sunset. Which positions (large black dots) are possible locations for the planet Venus to be found in the sky? | D only At sunset, the sun is near or below the horizon, and Venus will be located relatively low in the western sky. |
| A galaxy with a lot of dark matter will than a similar galaxy with less dark matter. | spin faster |
| This is an image of the "Bullet Cluster" of galaxies. An analysis of this image seems to confirm that ... | dark matter surrounding a galaxy cluster passes through all other matter (including normal luminous matter and other dark matter) without directly interacting. |
| This figure is the graphical representation of Hubble's Law. An analysis of this graph yields the accepted value of the Hubble constant of H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc How fast would you expect a galaxy lying 300 Mpc from Earth to appear to be moving? | 21,000 km/s |
| Which of the following statements most accurately describes our observational evidence for dark energy? | Observations of very distant galaxies indicate that the universe was expanding more slowly in the distant past than it currently is. |
| states that the farther away a galaxy is from us, the faster it appears to be moving away from us. | Hubble's law |
| Consider the light curve pictured here. It shows radio-telescope data collected by Jocelyn Bell when she discovered a pulsar for The pulses occur once every 1.34 seconds. The pulses occur once every 1.34 seconds. This means that | a neutron star is spinning around once every 1.34 seconds |
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