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rocks

QuestionAnswer
Rocks: Rocks: Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials
2. Classifying Rocks: 2. Classifying Rocks: 3 ways of classifying
A. Texture: A. Texture: the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture.
1. Grain size 2. Grain shape 3. Grain pattern 4. No visible grain 1. Grain size 2. Grain shape 3. Grain pattern 4. No visible grain
B. Mineral Composition: B. Mineral Composition: geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals.
C. Origin: C. Origin: 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground
1. Igneous Rocks Classified: 1. Igneous Rocks Classified: formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava.
A. Extrusive Rocks: A. Extrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface
B. Intrusive Rocks: B. Intrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface.
C. Texture: C. Texture: depends upon the size and shape of the crystals
1. Porphyritic texture: 1. Porphyritic texture: large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages.
2. Uses of Igneous Rocks: Basalt: gravel Pumice: cleaning and polishing Perlite: soil mixes Obsidian: sharp tools Granite: building materials
Sedimentary Sedimentary Rocks: formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind;
2. Changing sediments to rocks: A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together.
Clastic Rocks: Clastic Rocks: formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together
1. Examples of clastic rocks: 1. Examples of clastic rocks: shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
Organic Rocks: Organic Rocks: formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
1. Examples of organic rocks: 1. Examples of organic rocks: coal, and limestone
chemical Rocks: chemical Rocks: when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize
Uses of Sedimentary Rocks: Uses of Sedimentary Rocks: A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel
. Metamorphic Rocks: . Metamorphic Rocks: formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic
Grains: Grains: the arrangement of the grains
foliated: foliated: grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Non-foliated: Non-foliated: mineral grains are arranged randomly
2. Uses of Metamorphic Rocks: 2. Uses of Metamorphic Rocks A. Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards
Limestone Limestone changes to marble
B. Sandstone B. Sandstone changes to quartzite
C. Shale C. Shale changes to slate
D. Granite D. Granite changes to gneiss
. The Rock Cycle: . The Rock Cycle: Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust.
A. Sub-ducting Oceanic Plates: A. Sub-ducting Oceanic Plates: Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again.
Colliding Continental Plates: Colliding Continental Plates: Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle.
2. Grain shape 2. Grain shape
3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground
1. Sedimentary: 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers
2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava
Created by: user-1985395
 

 



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