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Rocks

QuestionAnswer
Rocks Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials
Classifying Rocks 3 ways of classifying
Texture the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. Grain size Grain shape Grain pattern No visible grain
Mineral Composition geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals.
Igneous Rocks Classified formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava.
Extrusive Rocks igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface
Intrusive Rocks igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface.
Texture depends upon the size and shape of the crystals
Porphyritic texture large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages.
Uses of Igneous Rocks Used because they are hard, dense, and durable
Basalt gravel
Pumice cleaning and polishing
Perlite soil mixes
Obsidian sharp tools
Granite building materials
Sedimentary forms in layers
Igneous forms from magma or lava
Metamorphic formed deep underground
Sedimentary Rocks Classified formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things.
Changing sediments to rocks A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together.
Types of Sedimentary Rocks A. Clastic Rocks: formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together 1. Examples: shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia B. Organic Rocks: formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Metamorphic Rocks Classified formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic
Grains the arrangement of the grains
Foliated grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Non-foliated mineral grains are arranged randomly
Marble building materials
Slate flooring, roofing, chalkboards
Limestone to marble
Sandstone to quartzite
Shale to slate
Granite to gneiss
The Rock Cycle Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust.
Plate Tectonics 2 types
Sub-ducting Oceanic Plates Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again.
Colliding Continental Plates Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle.
Created by: user-2006838
 

 



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