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rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rocks: | Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| Classifying Rocks: | 3 ways of classifying |
| Texture | the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. 1. Grain size 2. Grain shape 3. Grain pattern 4. No visible grain |
| Mineral Composition | geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals. |
| Origin | 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers from sediment 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground with heat & pressure |
| Igneous Rocks | formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava. |
| Extrusive Rocks: | igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface |
| Intrusive Rocks | igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Texture: | depends upon the size and shape of the crystals |
| Porphyritic texture | large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. |
| Uses of Igneous Rocks | Used because they are hard, dense, and durable |
| Sedimentary Rocks Classified | formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| Changing sediments to rocks: | Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together. |
| clastic | formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together |
| Metamorphic Rocks Classified | formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic A. Grains: the arrangement of the grains |
| Uses of Metamorphic Rocks: | Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards 3. Changed Rocks: A. Limestone to marble B. Sandstone to quartzite C. Shale to slate D. Granite to gneiss |
| The Rock Cycle | Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust. |
| Sub-ducting Oceanic Plates | Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again. |
| Basalt | gravel |
| Pumice | cleaning and polishing |
| Perlite | soil mixes |
| Obsidian | sharp tools |
| Granite | building materials |
| sediment: | small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| Examples of clastic rocks | shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia |
| Organic Rocks | formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| Examples of organic rocks | coal, and limestone |
| Chemical Rocks | when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| Uses of Sedimentary Rocks | A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel |
| grain | the arrangement of the grains |
| Foliated | grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| Non-foliated | mineral grains are arranged randomly |
| Limestone changes to | marble |
| Sandstone changes to | quartzite |
| Shale changes to | slate |
| Granite changes | to gneiss |
| Colliding Continental Plates | Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle. |
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