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PS EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ohm's law | the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance. V=IR |
| resistance | measured in ohms, tendency for a material to resist the flow of electrons and convert electrical energy, such as thermal energy |
| charging by induction | rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object by a nearby charged object |
| circuit | a closed path that electric current flows |
| current | a net movement of electric charges in a single direction |
| series circuit | an electric circuit with only 1 branch |
| parallel circuit | contains 2 or more branches for current |
| conductor | a material in which electrons can easily move ; gold, copper, steel |
| law of conservation of charge | electrons are neither created nor destroyed, they are transfered from one object to another |
| charging by conduction | charging through direct contact, extra electrons will move to a location where there's more them |
| voltage difference | related to the force that causes electric charges to flow |
| static electricity | an accumulation if excess charge on an object |
| insulator | a material in which electrons cannot move easily |
| magnetism | refers to the properties and interactions of a magnet |
| magnetic field | the region of space surrounding a magnet where it exerts a force on other magnets or magnetic materials. the force is strongest at the poles |
| magnetic pole | the ends if a magnetic object where the force is the strongest has a north pole and a south pole |
| magnetic domain | a group of atoms with aligned magnetic poles |
| electromagnetism | the interaction between electric charges and magnets |
| electromagnetic force | smth charged objects exert on eachother |
| direct current | flows in one direction. electron are always move from the - terminal to the + terminal |
| alternating current | electrons in the circuit move 1st in one direction and then in the opposite direction |
| electric current | constant flow of electrons at the rate at which charges pass through a wire at a given point. unit A or amp- base SI unit |
| electric motor | device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy |
| generator | converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by electromagnetic induction |
| electromagnetic induction | the process by which moving a wire through a magnetic field produces an electric current |
| turbine | a large wheel that rotates when pushed by water, wind, or stream |
| transformer | a device that increases or decreases voltage of electric current passing through a power line |
| electromagnet | the current in the wire induces a magnetic field in the electromagnet which is then attracted and repelled from perm. magnet |
| fossil fuel | made from decomposing plants and animals. these fuels are found in the earths crust and contain carbon and hydrogen which can be burned for energy; coal,oil,natural gass |
| geothermal energy | thermal energy found in inner parts of earth |
| fusion | the combining of smaller nuclei to form heavier nuclei releasing huge amt of energy; fusing atoms together, sun, hydrogen bomb |
| photovoltaic cell | converts radiant energy into electrical energy |
| hydroelectricity | electricity produced from kinetic energy of moving water |
| renewable resource | an energy source that's replaced by natural processes faster than humans can consume the resource |
| fission | the splitting of a large nucleus releasing a huge amt of energy ; nuclear pp and atomic bomb |
| nonrenewable resource | an energy source that cannot be replaced by natural processes as fast as they're used |
| biomass energy | the burning of biomass(plant and animal waste,wood chips, and corn stalks) to create energy, renewable |
| nuclear waste | any radioactive material that results when radioactive materials are used |
| wave | a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space |
| medium | material through which a wave transfers energy |
| mechanical wave | waves that can only travel through matter |
| transverse | wave in which the matter moves perpendicular to the direction the energy travels |
| longitudinal wave | wave in which the medium moves parallel to the direction the energy travels |
| wavelength | distance between one point in a wave to the next nearest point just like it |
| reflection | when a wave strikes a barrier and bounces back |
| rarefaction | less dense region of a longitudinal wave |
| crest | highest point in a transverse wave |
| trough | lowest point in a transverse wave |
| refraction | the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves to a different form |
| compression | region where the medium is dense in a longitudinal wave |
| diffraction | the bending of waves around a barrier |
| interference | the ability of two or more waves to combine and form a new wave |
| frequency | measure of how many wavelengths pass a fixed point each second |
| period | the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point |
| amplitude | measure of energy in a wave |
| standing wave | a special type of wave pattern that forms when waves are equal in amplitude and wavelength |
| node | locations where interfering waves always cancel. always stay in the same place. Rest position |
| atom | basic building block of matter that cannot be divided into smaller parts using and chemical means |
| proton | subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge |
| electron | a subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus with a negative charge |
| quark | what protons and neutrons are composed of |
| electron cloud | the region around the nucleus occupied by electrons |
| metalloid | elements that have some properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element but with different amounts of neutrons |
| element | matter composed of all the same atom |
| group (on the periodic table) | vertical columns of elements on the periodic table |
| valence electrons | located in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| synthetic elements | elements not naturally occurring |
| nucleus | the center of the atom where protons and neutrons are located, has a positive charge |
| neutron | a subatomic particle found in nucleus with a neutral or no charge |
| period (on the periodic table) | the horizontal rows of elements on the PT |
| transition metals | elements in the middle of the periodic table, groups 3-12 |
| mass number | a total count of neutrons and protons in an atom |
| average atomic mass | a weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes that occur in nature for an element |
Created by:
bittsygirl