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rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rocks: | Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| Classifying Rocks: | 3 ways of classifying |
| Texture: | the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. 1. Grain size 2. Grain shape 3. Grain pattern 4. No visible grain |
| Mineral Composition: | geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals. |
| Origin: | 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground |
| Igneous Rocks Classified | formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava. A. Extrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface B. Intrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface |
| Porphyritic texture | large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. |
| Uses of Igneous Rocks | Used because they are hard, dense, and durable Basalt: gravel Pumice: cleaning and polishing Perlite: soil mixes Obsidian: sharp tools Granite: building materials |
| Sedimentary Rocks Classified: | formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| Changing sediments to rocks: | A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together. |
| Types of Sedimentary Rocks: | A. Clastic Rocks: formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together 1. Examples: shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia B. Organic Rocks: formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| Uses of Sedimentary Rocks: | A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel |
| Metamorphic Rocks: | formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic |
| Grains: | the arrangement of the grains |
| Foliated: | grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| Non-foliated: | mineral grains are arranged randomly |
| Uses of Metamorphic Rocks: | A. Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards |
| Changed Rocks: | Limestone changes to marble B. Sandstone changes to quartzite C. Shale changes to slate D. Granite changes to gneiss |
| The Rock Cycle: | Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust. |
| Sub-ducting Oceanic Plates: | Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again. |
| Colliding Continental Plates: | Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle. |
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