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cool rocks

TermDefinition
rocks Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials
texture the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture.
types of texture 1. Grain size 2. Grain shape 3. Grain pattern 4. No visible grain
mineral composition geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals.
origins of rocks 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground
Igneous Rocks Classified formed from intense heat that comes from magma or lava.
porphyritic texture large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages.
uses of igneus rocks used because they are hard, dense, and durable
sedimentary rocks classified formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things.
changing sediments to rocks A. Erosion: wind or water carry sediments B. Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments C. Compaction: presses sediments together D. Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together.
types of sedimentary rocks A. Clastic Rocks: formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together 1. Examples of clastic rocks: shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia B. Organic Rocks: formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
extrusive rocks igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface
intrusive rocks igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface.
Examples of organic rocks: coal, and limestone
chemical rocks when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize
uses of sedimentary rocks A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel
metamorphic formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic
grains the arrangement of the grains
foliated the arrangement of the grains
non-foliated mineral grains are arranged randomly
uses of metamorphic rocks mineral grains are arranged randomly
limestone changes to marble
the rock cycle Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust.
sub-ducting oceanic plates Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again.
coliding continental plates Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle.
basalt gravel
pumice cleaning and polishing
perelite soil mixes
obsidian sharp tools
granite building materials
sediment small solid pieces of rock or living things.
examples of clastic rocks shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
Sandstone changes to quartzite
Shale changes to slate
Granite changes to gneiss
texture depends upon the size and shape of the crystals
Created by: user-2006757
 

 



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