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Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials | Rocks |
| the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. Grain size, grain shape, grain pattern, no visible grain | one of the texture/texture |
| geologists use a microscope to observe the shape and size of the rock’s crystals. | Mineral Composition/another one of the textures |
| 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers from sediment 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground with heat & pressure | Last of the textures/origin |
| forms in layers from sediment. | Seimentary |
| forms from lava or magma. | igneous |
| formed from deep underground from heat and pressure. | metamorphic |
| igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface | Extrusive Rocks |
| igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface. | Intrusive Rocks |
| depends upon the size and shape of the crystals | Texture |
| large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. | Porphyritic texture |
| Used because they are hard, dense, and durable | Uses of Igneous Rocks |
| Basalt | Gravel |
| Pumice | cleaning and polishing |
| perlite | soil mixes |
| Obsidian | Sharp tools |
| Granite | building materials |
| formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; | Sedimentary Rocks |
| small solid pieces of rock or living things. | sediment |
| wind or water carry sediments | Erosion |
| when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments | Deposition |
| presses sediments together | compaction |
| when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together. | cementation |
| put the way how sedimentary rocks are formed | erosion deposition compaction cementation |
| formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together | Clastic Rocks |
| Examples of clastic rocks | shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia |
| formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers | Organic Rocks |
| Examples of organic rocks | coal, and limestone |
| when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize | Chemical Rocks |
| Uses of Sedimentary Rocks | A. Limestone and sandstone: building materials B. Coal: fossil fuel |
| formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic | metamorphic rocks |
| the arrangement of the grains | Grains |
| grains arranged in parallel layers or bands | Foliated |
| minerals and grains are very were mixed together. arranged randomly | Non-foliated |
| Uses of Metamorphic Rocks | A. Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards |
| Limestone changes to | marble |
| Sandstone changes to | quartite |
| Shale changes to | slate |
| Granite changes to | gneiss |
| Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust. | The Rock Cycle |
| Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again. | Subducting Oceanic Plates |
| Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle. | Colliding Continental Plates |
Created by:
user-2006756